Technology Addiction free essay sample

This probably sounds familiar: Youre out to dinner with friends, and everythings fun, until you get that itch. Its been 20 minutes, and you really want to check Facebook, or Twitter, or Foursquare or email. Forget about wanting; this is needing. You finally give in to the urge and sneakily check your phone under the table or fake an urgent visit to the bathroom, where youll take a hit of the Internet while huddling In a stallAnecdotally, our Internet use seems to have spawned real addictions. And according to several recently released surveys, weve got it bad. More than half of Amerlcens would rether give up chocolete, alcohol end caffeine for e week before parting temporarily with their phones, according to a recent survey by technology firm TeleNav. One-third would give up sex, 22% would give up their toothbrushes (versus of IPhone users, who evidently love their phone more than clean teeth) and 21% would rather go shoeless before separating from a mobile phone. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Addiction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sixty-six percent sleep with their smartphones by their slde. Our addiction is so severe that people described going 24 hours without Internet akin to quitting an alcohol or igarette habit, according to a report from British company Interspersion. About 40% of those surveyed reported feeling lonely without the Internet, and felt upset at being deprived. One person described unplugging to having my hand chopped off. -universlty students who faced a sudden Internet and media blackout began to display withdrawal symptoms, during another survey conducted by the University ot Maryland. At least its universal. One American said she was itching like a crackhead- after going cold-turkey for 24 hours, and an Argentine student reported feeling dead without media, while a Lebanese student described the whole experience as sickening. The students recognized that there are joys In life besides browsing the web and curating their social networks, according to the survey, but all nevertheless reported feeling distress, sadness, boredom or paranoia. Media is my drug; without It I was lost, said a British student. l am an addict. How could I survive 24 hours without wrote: Emptiness overwhelmed me. Another said he felt incomplete. It Isnt news that studies are finding that video games trigger dopamine eleases In the bralm while Dopamine has a few uses, the one that matters here Is how it acts as a reward system for certain things we do. For example, dopamine is released when we eet end hove sex because the body considers those things to be necessary to our survival as a speci es. Certain types ot video games have managed to pull the dopamine trigger as well. What else can do it? Pretty much anything we find stimulating Nicotine causes dopamine release. so does caffeine (In a somewhat indirect way). Like video games, we can develop a dopamine release from many kinds f addictive behavior. Checking email Is one in particular. You may not like spending long amounts ot time in your inbox, but you probably think about checking it pretty often. When you hear that ding (or vibratel you know theres something waiting for you. To make things worse, because you do not receive email at set Intervals and you dont know if that email is going to be something you want, your curiosity is piqued the moment the ding occurs just so you can find out If youve received something you Why Technology Is So Addictive, and How You Can Avoid Tech BurnoutExpand Back hen we were tethered to desktop computers, this wasnt such a problem. First of all, technology had yet to proliferate in society at the enormous level it has nowadays, but more importantly we didnt have little computers (read: smartphones) that we could stick in our pockets. Previously we might check out email at a few convenient intervals during the day. Now these tiny little multitaskers are requesting our attention wherever we go. We have many more opportunities to interact with information and so we run into two more dilemmas: filtering an information overload nd using our technology appropriately. Its pretty redundant to make laws outlawing texting while driving because it already falls under laws covering distracted driving, but holy crap, something needs to be done about it. You have ridiculous cases like the Trolley driver rear ending another train because he was texting his girlfriend, and train conductors causing a 25-fatality crash because he was texting teenage boys telling them that theyre gonna run the locomotive. Theres two commonalities to these accidents. First is that texting while youre supposed to e paying attention and in charge of other peoples lives is a bad idea. Second, guys seem to be intent on texting people, no matter how inappropriate the time, if its going to get them laid. If youre spending time with another person, etiquette has always dictated that you give them your attention. Nonetheless, theres still a lot of debate over whether or not its appropriate to, say, check email over dinner. Its not okay to talk in a movie theater, but is it okay to shine your glowing screen in the eyes of other moviegoers? Is there a reasonable solution? The trend seems to be heading oward giving first priority to our devices, and this isnt Just a social problem but a problem that works hand-in-hand with the dopamine triggers you develop from frequent use. Tech etiquette isnt Just important when dealing with other people around you; its also important because it serves as a means of limiting and governing your use. We do not need to respond to every message immediately at any time during the day, but our new brand of etiquette has given us a social obligation to text or email back as soon as humanly possible. If real life gets in the way, we cover it up with our phones. Neglecting to prioritize the real over the digital is only making matters worse. The Solutions So what do we do about it? Overcoming a tech addiction and avoiding burnout requires work. There arent any magic tricks thatll pave the road to freedom, but here are some ideas to get you started. out of Sight, Out of Mind. Why Technology Is So Addictive, and How You Can Avoid Tech BurnoutExpand It might seem great to have a device that can do Just about anything, but becoming reliant on a single device has its own set of problems. Consider this scenario: you take out your phone to check what time it is. You figure since your phone is already out of your pocket, you should check your email. You end up spending a few minutes debating whether or not to reply to an email now or save it for later. It can go on and on from there, making what should be a pretty quick operation (checking the time) into a series of tasks you dont necessarily need to do. Its cases like these where its not always best be if you could train yourself to stay on task when pulling the phone from your pocket. More realistically, however, is training yourself to Just keep the phone in your pocket more often. Find other ways to check the time. Decide to check your email a little less. If it gets problematic, dont take the phone with you or turn it off when you go out at night. Technology exists to make things easier, but if youre making your life more difficult by interacting with your devices too, often it ends up being more of a problem. Figure out ways you can avoid using your technology for everything and youll become accustomed to using it less. Stop Multitasking. Why Technology Is So Addictive, and How You Can Avoid Tech BurnoutExpand Related Debunking The Myth of Multitasking In a fast-paced business culture of get everything done yesterday, its easy to admire and reward those busybusy people who always Read At this point it shouldnt be surprising that multitasking is really Just a myth. While we can act like were doing several things at once, were really Just quickly shifting our attention between different activities. Listening to music while you run or watching television while you sort your mail are the sorts of tasks you can combine without a problem, but when more technology comes into the mix we cant necessarily live by those rules. Maybe youve tried to get through your email inbox while watching television. If you have, youve probably noticed the difficulty in concentrating on both. If the television is on for some added noise, you probably dont have too many problems. If you were hoping to watch a show you enjoy while getting some work done, you probably found yourself pausing†frequently†during your work. Fortunately the technology in our time allows us to save TV for later and interact with the majority of our entertainment whenever we want. A feeling of immediacy encourages us to think that everything as to happen right now, but thats not the case. In general you will be more productive by doing one thing at a time. While doing anything while trying to pay attention to something else can be problematic, introducing tech can end up making matters worse because it increases the unfocused time you spend with your devices. This overlap creates a behavioral pattern of pulling out your technology whenever you feel like it. In doing so, you neglect the fragmentation it causes in your ability to focus on the one thing you really ought to be doing. Bring this into a social context and we have the tech etiquette ssues previously discussed. If you want to form good habits with your technology, consider interacting with one device at a time to avoid multitasking and the poor prioritization of digital interaction over real interaction. Never Apologize Why Technology Is So Addictive, and How You Can Avoid Tech Burnout the phone/your text. I get bad reception at the gym. In that scenario, youd have not only apologized for being unavailable during exercise but for your phones inability to get you the message immediately. At some point weve probably all apologized for issing a call/text/email even when weve responded in a short amount of time. If this is a frequent action for you, youre a slave to immediacy. Stop apologizing and welcome the freedom of responding when you can and when you feel like it. If you create the expectation that youre not always going to respond at the precise moment of the call/email/text, people will begin to assume that youll respond when you can. You dont want to neglect your friends, family, and coworkers by not responding for long periods of time, but you do want to let everyone know that you respond on your time. Breaking free of these social obligations will help you feel fewer obligations to constantly check for messages. Get Organized Why Technology Is So Addictive, and How You Can Avoid Tech BurnoutExpand One effective way of dealing with information overload is actually organizing information. This may be an obvious one, but most of us think more about organization than actually doing it. Youre going to get organized at some point, so you might as well start now (if you havent, that is). Email is one of the toughest things to get under control and there are more solutions out there than you could ever eally try. Googles new Priority Inbox is a great new way to focus on the important messages in your inbox. A Chrome and Firefox extension called Boomerang lets you schedule when you send and receive emails. Communicating through speed appropriate channels rather than funneling everything through email can help, too. You can even offload distractions to an iPad, or another device you have, so you can focus on specific things on specific devices. However you organize your information, just be sure to evolve your system to fit changes in the way your information flows. Technology addiction free essay sample Introduction II. Issues at steak III. Evaluate Sources IV. Critical Review/Synthesis of Sources V. Responses to Consider VI. Conclusion Definition of Addiction: the state of being enslaved to a habit or practice or to something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming, as narcotics, to such an extent that its cessation causes severe trauma. Addiction to Technology. Technology allows us to feel like we are never alone. Technology is an instant source of news (PersonalWorld) Technology prevents us from ever being â€Å"Bored† It allows us to make our lives look better than what it really is Seek attention from â€Å"likes† â€Å"shares† People get addicted to technology because it serves as an escape from reality. Being online allows you to alter your identity. People alter their identity online by setting up personal profiles on social media sites like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. On these social media sites, people usually only post the positive aspects of their lives, leaving out any negative events or flaws in their lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology addiction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This makes people preseve them as better than they really are. People post pictures of their new cars, fancy dinners and the expensive concert tickets they got but people rarely post pictures of anything negative that happens to them. Keeping up this preseved perfect life can become addictive because people feel that they constantly have to post about how amazing their lives are so that they continue to get attention. ********* TRANSITION FROM PERFECT LIFE TO ATTENTION ************************** The attention people get from technology is one of the most addictive parts. People are addicted to the site of their phone lighting up with a notification. All people care about anymore is how many followers they have and how many likes they get. Sources For Research Paper Digital Nation http://video. pbs. org/video/1402987791/ Sherry Turkley Interview http://billmoyers. com/segment/sherry-turkle-on-being-alone-together/ Survey Monkey https://www. surveymonkey. com/home/ Web Sites http://www. huffingtonpost. com/caitlyn-becker/confessions-of-a-phone-addict_b_3997732. html http://everydaylife. globalpost. com/technology-addiction-teens-11134. html Readings â€Å"The Net is a Waste of Time† William Gibson 691 â€Å"How Computers Change the Way We Think† Sherry Turkle 564

International Driving Permit for Canadians

International Driving Permit for Canadians Canadian travelers who plan to drive when they are outside North America can get an International Driving Permit (IDP) before they leave Canada. The IDP is used in conjunction with your provincial drivers license. The IDP is proof that you possess a valid drivers license, issued by a competent authority, in your country of residence, and it allows you to drive in other countries without having to take another test or apply for another license. It is recognized in more than 150 countries. An IDP must be issued in the same country as your drivers license. Because the IDP has additional photo identification and provides a multilingual translation of your current drivers license, it also serves as a recognizable piece of identification even if youre not driving. The Canadian IDP is translated into ten languages: English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, German, Arabic, Italian, Scandinavian and Portuguese. In What Countries is the IDP Valid? The IDP is valid in all countries that have signed the 1949 Convention on Road Traffic. Many other countries recognize it too. Its a good idea to check the Travel and Currency section of the relevant country Travel Reports published by Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada. In Canada, the Canadian Automobile Association (CAA) is the only organization authorized to issue IDPs. CAA IDPs are only valid outside Canada. How Long is an IDP Valid? An International Driving Permit lasts for one year from the date it is issued. It cant be extended or renewed. A new application must be submitted if a new IDP is needed. Who is Eligible for an IDP? To be issued an International Driving Permit you must be: at least 18 years oldhave a current full Canadian provincial drivers license. Learners licenses, provisional licenses, and licenses under suspension do not qualify. How to Get an IDP in Canada The Canadian Automobile Association is the only organization that issues International Driving Permits in Canada. To apply for an International Driving Permit: print, complete and sign the IDP Application Form​attach a photocopy of the front and back of your valid Canadian provincial drivers licenseattach two signed passport photos include the fee of $25 (in the form of a bank draft, money order, or cheque in Canadian funds drawn on a Canadian financial institution payable to your local CAA Club)submit the completed application and attachments to your local CAA Club(It would be a good idea to call first and check on the exact name of the club and where to submit.)

Fascism in Europe Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Fascism in Europe - Term Paper Example Initially, fascism in Europe was associated with political personalities, leaders and parties. It is said to be founded by Benito Mussolini in Italy it influenced other politicians across the continent. It was further embraced by Adolf Hitler in Germany and Francisco in Spain. Fascism has been given some several definitions and some are discussed in this paper. Michael Mann (13) describes fascism as â€Å"the act of pursuing of an excellent (transcendent) and cleansing state using the military†. In this definition, transcendence means the belief that a state surpasses social conflicts and integrates all classes in society into one harmonious thing. It involves a political belief that political ideologies can surpass human understanding to produce an improved society. It involves a political belief that political ideologies can surpass human understanding to produce an improved society. According to Mann (1), cleansing in this meaning is concerned with ethnicity whereby, it is the favoring of one ethnic group over others. This can be done by giving special privileges to one group over others. Cleansing can be used politically whereby it involves silencing political opponents using oppressive measures so that fascism is facilitated. Fascism in the above meaning by Mann involves the conviction that the state can do anything it pleases. Paradigm involves undue influence of opponent by using armed forces. Fascism is described as a political behavior marked by amended cults of unity, purity and energy, in which a party consisting of many committed nationalists, working in difficult but collaborative form with traditional elites, abandon democratic liberations and engages in redeeming violence without ethical or legal limitations objectives of internal cleansing and expansion externally. In addition, fascism is described as military movement that created emphasis on loyalty and obedience to a state through the state leader. Unlike other ideologies such as commi ssion and nationalism, fascism had extremes of both communism and nationalism. Relationship between fascism, socialism and communism Fascism is closely associated with socialism and communism and is said to have originated and developed from the two. This is analyzed in the form of similarities and differences between the three sing the cases of Italy and Germany. The concept of socialism developed around 1800 Brian Marshall (6) highlights that socialism involves governance by a community whereby it controls all aspects of the economy. Furthermore, socialism is the system of economy whereby methods of production and distribution are collectively owned by the central government, which is mandated to plan, and control the economy. Moreover, socialism focused on social welfare of all the people in a society and did not focus on individualism. It advocated for co-operation between members of a society, and it did not encourage any political structures in the society. On the other hand, communism can be traced back to the works of Karl Maxx who coined the ideology of Marxism. According to Marshall (2), communism begun with ancient society supported by hunters, gatherers, and developed into feudalism, capitalism then to communism. In addition, communism is an economic philosophy whereby, the public owns and controls the methods of produc

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 13

Research Paper Example They are thus, very important as far as underground movements are concerned. We thus see how such networks are important from a political point of view as well. These websites also open up certain avenues for communication between people who are in conventionally inaccessible positions. Celebrities and politicians are thus, able to connect more directly with their fans and voters. They also help companies and firms to reach out to their clientele through advertisements that are cheaper than other media. Apart from this, it also leads to the creation of communities that would not be possible in the real world. The virtual reality that is created through such networks enables the dissolution of narrow parochial bonds. All of this has a negative side as well as social networks can be used by miscreants and anti-social elements as well. They can also be incorporated into the power structures of our society, thus blunting their revolutionary potential in a certain sense. The immense number of users of Facebook and Twitter bear testimony to the changing face of human relationships. People like Stuart Wooster feel that human relationships are being redefined in today’s world by such social networks. Such networks lead to the creation of a virtual reality that is capable of sustaining itself and people tend to feel connected with other people even without having seen them in a long time (Wooster). Such websites are able to provide one with a sense of being with a lot of friends even if one is not connected to those friends in any ostensible way at a certain point. One may have several ‘friends’ on Facebook whom one may never have met more than once. The conventions that Facebook gives rise to make it possible for several people to be contacted at once, leading to a fragile bond being created between those parties. This makes it possible for people to know about different people at the same

Difference between 2 companies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Difference between 2 companies - Assignment Example esult of its rather distinctive business model, all of McDonald’s restaurants are operated either directly by the company or by franchisees (McDonald’s.com, 2014). The company offers a uniform menu across all its various locations although there are a number of geographic variations that allow for the menu to adequately adapt, and suit the local tastes and preferences. The standard McDonald’s menu typically includes, the Big Mac, Chicken McNuggets, French fries, a wide array of salads, the Quarter Pounder with Cheese, snack wraps, oatmeal, sundaes, soft drinks, shakes, coffee, several chicken sandwich options, McCafe beverages and a number of other beverage options. According to McDonald.com (2014), the strength of the current alignment of the McDonald’s’s system that comprises of the company, its suppliers and franchisees has been key to McDonald’s success. By leveraging this system, McDonald’s is able to easily identify, implement and eventually scale ideas that are able to meet the customers’ changing preferences and needs. In addition to this, McDonald’s business model enables the company to consistently deliver what has been described as locally-relevant restaurant experiences to customers and help the company to be an integral part of the community that it serves. McDonald’s is managed as distinct geographical segments that include the United States, the Asia/Pacific Middle East and Africa region (APMEA) and Europe. The company is noted to also have other operations in Latin America and Canada. McDonald’s has a number of aims and objectives that primarily center on the serving of good food in what is a fun and friendly environment, emerge as a leading socially responsible company, and provide good returns to the company’s share holders. In addition to this, the company also aims to provide all its customers with food of the highest standard, value for their money and quick service. The company also wishes to become more eco-friendly

An Examination Of Childrens Right To Participation

An Examination Of Childrens Right To Participation One of the guiding values of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCROC) 1989 is participation, as well as one of its basic challenges. In the Convention, childrens contribution rights are restricted in the bunch of Articles 12 through 17 that pass on to public participation: right to have voices heard and measured (Art.12), right to freedom of expression (Art.13), right to beliefs (Art.14), right to association (Art.15), right to protection of privacy (Art.16), and the right to access appropriate information (Art.17) (Alderson, P. 2005). However, mainly article 12 and 13 of the Convention that focus on the rights of children to participate in all matters of concern to them, both in the family and in society (Sheridan Samulesson, 2001). The principle recognizes that children are full-grown persons who have the right to articulate their views in all matters moving them and entails that those views be heard and given owed load in agreement with the childs age and maturity. I n addition, it recognizes the potential of children to develop administrative processes, to split perspectives and to take part as citizens and actors of change (Alderson, 2005). The childrens right of participation must virtually be measured in each and every stuff connecting to children. The childrens participation in this essay will be alert on Articles 12 13. B. Understanding the notion children right to participation Human life is a continuum in which all periods should receive equal respect against the prevalent view that regards adulthood as the standard according to which other phases of human life weighed. Childhood is not as an impediment but rather as the first of many steps that makeup human life. Childhood emerges when young persons responsibility to protect themselves is taken over by the state, using its powers to recognise, shape and respond to what it perceives as the fundamental traits of young people. The need for safeguarding childrens wellbeing is widely acknowledged in theory and legislation in the Western world (UNCROC, 1989). Therefore, the recognition of children as rights-bearers, and the institution of basic rights for children have proved to be helpful in supporting childrens wellbeing (Benporath, 2003). Understanding of childrens participation is still in its relative infancy, having only really begun to be widely explored in the early 1990s (Sheridan Samulesson, 2001). From a system perspective, participation is quickly interpreted as a requirement for the well functioning of society (Jans, 2004). According to Stephenson (2004), the notion child participation can be defined as children influencing issues affecting their lives, by speaking out or taking action in partnership with adults. The energy behind child participation comes from: the growing emphasis on child rights good community development practice enabling people to address their own problems (Stephenson, Gourley Miles, 2004). C. Why child participation in decision making process? Children create a picture of themselves from the message they get from the surroundings. If others particularly adults identify them as able and competent, children will come to see themselves in the same way. Therefore, Prout (in Woodhead, 1998) declares that respect for childrens right to participation demands that children be viewed not just as subjects of study and concern, but also as subjects with concern (p.135). Children need to have the self confidence and skills to explore, take on new challenges, test their theories about how the world works, make mistakes and discover unexpected consequences. This self confidence is more likely to occur when children are provided with an occasion to add to their own experiences and learning, sharing in the decisions about what they do and how they do it. If children have the right to express their own views, they must also be given the opportunities to develop standpoints and skills, which enable them to declare them (Sheridan Samulesson, 2001). Learning to make decisions is an important life skill. Just like any other skill it needs time and practice to master and refine. The early childhood setting is a safe environment in which to rehearse. The pre-school should be one place in which children can participate and practice influence and through participation learn that their opinions and feelings are respected and valued (Sheridan Samulesson, 2001). D. Childrens right to participate in early childhood settings and teachers role Early experiences set children on developmental paths that become progressively more difficult to modify as they get older (Alderson, 2005). This fact has also been recognised in the discussion paper (for Australia) on A national framework for early childhood education and care that says, The early years of childrens learning and growth needs to be seen as vital in their own rights as well as being a base for life outcomes. During the early years children ask, discover and learn much about the world around them, establishing attitudes to learning that stay with them all the way through their lives (Productivity Agenda Working Group, 2008). The UNCROC emphasises for the development of child as a whole (Article 29(1)) and the contribution of early childhood education and care cannot be denied. In their daily lives, children mainly remain within and connect to three settings their schools, home and recreational institutions (Rasmusen, 2004). These environments have shaped by adults therefore quality early childhood performance is built upon the distinctive role of the adult. The experience, dispositions, competencies, and understanding of adults, in addition to their ability to reflect upon their job, are necessary in sustaining and ensuring quality experiences for each child (Wyatt, 2004). Therefore for high quality in pre-school, the children participation is an important criterion. However, for teachers in such settings, it can be difficult to facilitate childrens participation to know the limits of childs right to participation in decision making and the consequences of involvement of children in decision making processes and roles (Sheridan Samulesson, 2001). It is the responsibility of early learning and child care practitioners to not just present children with facts, but to offer children opportunities to experiment, and to support them as they explore. Involving children as participant, providing them an opportunity to get engage and learn from the experiences (Alderson, 2000). For example when children play a part in singing and dancing, they may learn new words from the song. They start to gain bodily alertness through dancing; they learn that they can move in unique and artistic ways to the music and express themselves all the way through dance. Does the Teacher or caregiver know what children like to do? Based on a research study, Sheridan Samulesson (2001) says that most children gave answer to this question a definite No! because children believe that the teachers dont know what they like to do in the preschool (Sheridan Samulesson, 2001). It is the right of the child to communicate and to develop skills to argue their standpoints. In order to be possible, an interactive environment that involves children is required (Saljo, 2000). Therefore, carers can ensure that they acknowledge children as being competent and capable. Before starting any activity relating to children, the carers either consult them or ask their permission (Benporath, 2003). For example, before starting play or drawing activity and before packing away materials. Observe and listen to children, let them tell us what and how they want to learn, what they need to do and the way they want to do it. The carers should offer only genuine choices to the children and respect their decisions. Enough time should be given to children to do things in their own way. Sometimes overprotection may becomes an obstacle in childrens learning (Benporath, 2003), therefore, avoid being overprotective and encourage children to investigate and manipulate materials at their own pace and to try new things. However, at the same time carers should remain sensitive to each childs ability and confidence and should know when to offer assistance as children attempt somethin g unfamiliar. When guiding childrens behaviour carers should be prepared to compromise in conflict situation and ask themselves that whether their demand from a child is reasonable or necessary. They should involve children in setting the rules and in decisions about acceptable behaviour in childhood setting. Children should be encouraged to use their own skills first in resolving a conflict, but carers should stay close enough to offer assistance and support the child when required. Carers can assure children by expressing their ability to deal with conflict in positive and constructive ways. The feelings of participating and being able to exercise influence seems to occur when a child asks the teacher something and the teacher says yes (Sheridan Samulesson, 2001). To decide Participation cannot be genuine if children have no opportunity to decide. The child perceives the teacher as an authority and seems to take his / her right to decide for granted. What the teacher tells the child to do is also of real affective significance (Sheridan Samulesson, 2001). But children should be consulted and their views should be considered. The UNCROC stipulates the right of children to express views freely and to get enough knowledge to make knowledgeable decision, although it does not entail compulsion for children to express their views (Article 13). However, it does not give children a universal right to decide and /or to supersede the decision of others. Decisions are to be made in an independent way, and parents (as well as teachers) should give appropriate direction and support when children presume their rights, as declared in the Convention (Article 5) (Sheridan Samulesson, 2001). Children are quiet certain that they can decide about their own play, their own belongings, some activities and about themselves (Sheridan Samulesson, 2001). Therefore, choices and opportunities should be provided to children to make some decisions for themselves. For example, to select the book or activity for group time. Such opportunities to choose are easy for the child carer to put into practice, but can have thoughtful belongings on a childs wisdom of empowerment and self confidence. E. Examining participation In order to involve children in decision making in programmes / matters relating to them, we need to examine ourselves and our roles in relation to children. A balance should be adhered between the type and quality of participation that occurs. Children should be involved in a way that respects and supports their roles as decision makers. This is not an easy task. According to Lansdown (2005), the children participation in any programme can be measured from three dimensions which are (Lansdown, 2005); Scope The extent to which children are empowered to exercise agency within an initiative will be influenced by the degree to which they are participating. This perspective needs to be considered in respect of each potential stage of childrens involvement what is being done? Quality Practically how far programme complies with some standards such as an ethical approach, child sensitive and enabling environment, voluntary and relevant participation, inclusive participation, secure environment, qualified dedicated and responsive staff, and community, professional and family links how is it being done? Impact The impact of child participation will need to be assessed in accordance with the objective for involving them. For example, the objective might be to promote childrens self-esteem and build skills and confidence why is it being done? (Lansdown, 2005). If childrens participation is to be sustained, replicated, resourced and institutionalised into wider communities in which children live, it is necessary to begin to construct methods of measuring what is being done and how it is impacting on childrens lives. Only by doing so, and demonstrating its efficiency, will it be possible to argue the case for continuing investment in strategies to promote participation, and indeed, to build and share understanding of what constitutes effective participation (Lansdown, 2005). F. Elements for childrens active participation in decision making Child contribution stands on its own being a basic right of the child that requires a clear assurance and useful actions to become a living truth and therefore is much more than a simple policy or style (Alderson, 2005). Possibly it was for this reason that the Committee on the Rights of Child recognized the right to contribution as one of the guiding values of the Convention. Regarding childrens views signifies that such views should not be disregarded; however it does not mean that their opinions should be automatically certified. Because expression of opinion cannot be equated with decision taking instead it implies the capability to control decision (Alderson, 2000). The support of discussion and views exchange process will give to children a sense of trust and self-confidence where they will presume increasing responsibilities and will become vigorous, democratic and tolerant (Jans, 2004). In any such process adults are anticipated to provide suitable route and guidance to chil dren while bearing in mind their views in a way consistent with the childs age and adulthood. Such like practices will allow the child to understand that why specific options are followed, or why decisions are taken that might be different from the one he / she favoured. To make effective and meaningful the participation of children in decision making, it is necessary that such participation should be; 1. Free from pressure and manipulation: Children should not be pressured, constrained or influenced in ways that might prevent them from freely expressing their opinions of leave them feeling manipulated (Alderson, 2000). This principle is usually applies where a child is forced to choose some tangible material from few offered resources without providing them a variety of open ended resources where a child has the choice to choose those that interest him/her and match his/her level of competence. 2. Recognizing Childrens evolving capacity: The UNCROC didnt set any minimum age for children that could limit their right to express their views freely and acknowledges that children can and do form views from a very early age and thereby refers to childrens evolving capacity for decision making (Benporath, 2003). This means, for example, that parent and other family members and/or, where require, members of wider community are expected to give appropriate direction, guidance or advice to children. However, parents guidance and advice will take on greater value and meaning till the child grows, develops, gains sufficient maturity and experience for becoming more autonomous and more responsible. 3. The role of parents and carers: The Childs developing capability pointing towards one side of the equation: the other involves adults growing aptitude and readiness to listen to and learn from their children for considering and understanding the childs point of view, and as a result prepared to reconsider their own opinions and attitudes and to imagine solutions that address childrens views (Benporath, 2003). Contribution is a demanding learning process both for adults and children that cannot be condensed to a simple procedure. The realisation of childrens right to participate requires preparation and mobilizing adults who live and work with children, so that they are ready to offer opportunities to children to contribute liberally and increasingly in society and expand self-governing skills. 4. Providing appropriate information: The childrens right to participate is closely linked to freedom of expression. But this right can be made meaningful and relevant when children are equipped with necessary information relating to potions that exist and the consequences of such options so that they can make informed and free decision (Alderson, 2000). Providing appropriate information enables children to gain skills, confidence and maturity in expressing views and influencing decisions. G. Conclusion Childrens are considered the worlds most valuable resource. The right to participation is a guide to the exercise of all other rights, therefore, childrens development to full potential and to continue to flourish as conscientious citizens, they require opportunities to work out their participatory privileges throughout all stages of their growth. Early childhood carers and educators are well located to endorse childrens participatory rights and preschool institutions their voice must be heard (Sheridan Samulesson, 2001). Children should be asked to split their views on aspects of their learning environments.

Controlling Computers With Neu :: essays research papers

In the classic science-fiction movie Forbidden Planet, space travelers from Earth land on a distant planet, where they encounter the remnants of a technologically advanced civilization. Even though they are not from this distant planet, the space travelers are able to communicate with one of the alien computers. They do this by connecting themselves to glowing head probes. By doing this the space traveler’s thoughts and feelings are directly conveyed to the alien computer over a neural link.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the science-fiction movie The Matrix, the world is run by machines that use humans as batteries so sustain themselves. A group of humans brake the grip of the machines and begin to wage a war on their metallic oppressors. These people are able to fight the machines with the help of computers. Each one of these people has a jack in the back of his or her head that is connected to a computer. By doing this, the people are able to turn their thoughts, such as dodging bullets and knowing Kung-Fu, into reality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The idea of people having their minds linked to computers has appeared throughout works of science-fiction. The way this idea works is very simple. A person thinks of a command and the computer immediately responds. â€Å"Thought recognition would be the ultimate computer interface, the machine acting as an extension of the human nervous system itself.†(Lusted, Hugh S. and Knapp, R. Benjamin Controlling Computers with Neural Signals Scientific American, October 1996) This technology would prove very useful for people with neuromuscular handicaps. The purpose of this paper is to show how controlling computers with neural signals will help make life easier for people with handicaps and how it will affect the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Computer technology has advanced considerably in the last forty years. Even with all these advances, constructing a versatile neural junction between a human brain and an electronic one remains a formidable challenge.(Lusted, Hugh S. and Knapp, R. Benjamin Controlling Computers with Neural Signals Scientific American, October 1996) Attempts to tie the nervous system to external electronic circuits are, however, well worth pursuing. The results may provide means for effortless communication with computers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The closest thing to computer thought recognition right now is voice recognition. Voice recognition software has been in development since the 1950’s. This software has been available and affordable for the past three or four years to the general public. The purpose of voice recognition software is to allow the user to dictate words into a microphone that are transformed into either text for word processing or commands for navigation, without the use of a keyboard.(Communication Technology for Disabled Persons. Erich E. Sutter in Handbook of Amyotrophic

Chapter 25 the Grapes of Wrath

THE SPRING IS BEAUTIFUL in California. Valleys in which the fruit blossoms are fragrant pink and white waters in a shallow sea. Then the first tendrils of the grapes swelling from the old gnarled vines, cascade down to cover the trunks. The full green hills are round and soft as breasts. And on the level vegetable lands are the mile-long rows of pale green lettuce and the spindly little cauliflowers, the gray-green unearthly artichoke plants. And then the leaves break out on the trees, and the petals drop from the fruit trees and carpet the earth with pink and white.The centers of the blossoms swell and grow and color: cherries and apples, peaches and pears, figs which close the flower in the fruit. All California quickens with produce, and the fruit grows heavy, and the limbs bend gradually under the fruit so that little crutches must be placed under them to support the weight. Behind the fruitfulness are men of understanding and knowledge, and skill, men who experiment with seed, e ndlessly developing the techniques for greater crops of plants whose roots will resist the million enemies of the earth: the molds, the insects, the rusts, the blights.These men work carefully and endlessly to perfect the seed, theroots. And there are the men of chemistry who spray the trees against pests, who sulphur the grapes, who cut out disease and rots, mildews and sicknesses. Doctors of preventive medicine, men at the borders who look for fruit flies, for Japanese beetle, men who quarantine the sick trees and root them out and burn them, men of knowledge.The men who graft the young trees, the little vines, are the cleverest of all, for theirs is a surgeon's job, as tender and delicate; and these men must have surgeons' hands and surgeons' hearts to slit the bark, to place the grafts, to bind the wounds and cover them from the air. These are great men. Along the rows, the cultivators move, tearing the spring grass and turning it under to make a fertile earth, breaking the grou nd to hold the water up near the surface, ridging the ground in little pools for the irrigation, destroying the weed roots that may drink the water away from the trees.And all the time the fruit swells and the flowers break out in long clusters on the vines. And in the growing year the warmth grows and the leaves turn dark green. The prunes lengthen like little green bird's eggs, and the limbs sag down against the crutches under the weight. And the hard little pears take shape, and the beginning of the fuzz comes out on the peaches. Grape blossoms shed their tiny petals and the hard little beads become green buttons, and the buttons grow heavy. The men who work in the fields, the owners of the little orchards, watch and calculate.The year is heavy with produce. And the men are proud, for of their knowledge they can make the year heavy. They have transformed the world with their knowledge. The short, lean wheat has been made big and productive. Little sour apples have grown large and sweet, and that old grape that grew among the trees and fed the birds its tiny fruit has mothered a thousand varieties, red and black, green and pale pink, purple and yellow; and each variety with its own flavor. The men who work in the experimental farms have made new fruits: nectarines and forty kinds of plums, walnuts with paper shells.And always they work, selecting, grafting, changing, driving themselves, driving the earth to produce. And first the cherries ripen. Cent and a half a pound. Hell, we can't pick 'em for that. Black cherries and red cherries, full and sweet, and the birds eat half of each cherry and the yellowjackets buzz into the holes the birds made. And on the ground the seeds drop and dry with black shreds hanging from them. The purple prunes soften and sweeten. My God, we can't pick them and dry and sulphur them. We can't pay wages, no matter what wages. And the purple prunes carpet the ground.And first the skins wrinkle a little and swarms of flies come to fe ast, and the valley is filled with the odor of sweet decay. The meat turns dark and the crop shrivels on the ground. And the pears grow yellow and soft. Five dollars a ton. Five dollars for forty fiftypound boxes; trees pruned and sprayed, orchards cultivated—pick the fruit, put it in boxes, load the trucks, deliver the fruit to the cannery—forty boxes for five dollars. We can't do it. And the yellow fruit falls heavily to the ground and splashes on the ground. The yellowjackets dig into the soft meat, and there is a smell of ferment and rot.Then the grapes—we can't make good wine. People can't buy good wine. Rip the grapes from the vines, good grapes, rotten grapes, wasp-stung grapes. Press stems, press dirt and rot. But there's mildew and formic acid in the vats. Add sulphur and tannic acid. The smell from the ferment is not the rich odor of wine, but the smell of decay and chemicals. Oh, well. It has alcohol in it, anyway. They can get drunk. The little farme rs watched debt creep up on them like the tide. They sprayed the trees and sold no crop, they pruned and grafted and could not pick the crop.And the men of knowledge have worked, have considered, and the fruit is rotting on the ground, and the decaying mash in the wine vat is poisoning the air. And taste the wine—no grape flavor at all, just sulphur and tannic acid and alcohol. This little orchard will be a part of a great holding next year, for the debt will have choked the owner. This vineyard will belong to the bank. Only the great owners can survive, for they own the canneries, too. And four pears peeled and cut in half, cooked and canned, still cost fifteen cents. And the canned pears do not spoil.They will last for years. The decay spreads over the State, and the sweet smell is a great sorrow on the land. Men who can graft the trees and make the seed fertile and big can find no way to let the hungry people eat their produce. Men who have created new fruits in the world cannot create a system whereby their fruits may be eaten. And the failure hangs over the State like a great sorrow. The works of the roots of the vines, of the trees, must be destroyed to keep up the price, and this is the saddest, bitterest thing of all. Carloads of oranges dumped on the ground.The people came for miles to take the fruit, but this could not be. How would they buy oranges at twenty cents a dozen if they could drive out and pick them up? And men with hoses squirt kerosene on the oranges, and they are angry at the crime, angry at the people who have come to take the fruit. A million people hungry, needing the fruit—and kerosene sprayed over the golden mountains. And the smell of rot fills the country. Burn coffee for fuel in the ships. Burn corn to keep warm, it makes a hot fire. Dump potatoes in the rivers and place guards along the banks to keep the hungry people from fishing them out.Slaughter the pigs and bury them, and let the putrescence drip down into th e earth. There is a crime here that goes beyond denunciation. There is a sorrow here that weeping cannot symbolize. There is a failure here that topples all our success. The fertile earth, the straight tree rows, the sturdy trunks, and the ripe fruit. And children dying of pellagra must die because a profit cannot be taken from an orange. And coroners must fill in the certificate—died of malnutrition—because the food must rot, must be forced to rot.The people come with nets to fish for potatoes in the river, and the guards hold them back; they come in rattling cars to get the dumped oranges, but the kerosene is sprayed. And they stand still and watch the potatoes float by, listen to the screaming pigs being killed in a ditch and covered with quick-lime, watch the mountains of oranges slop down to a putrefying ooze; and in the eyes of the people there is the failure; and in the eyes of the hungry there is a growing wrath. In the souls of the people the grapes of wrath a re filling and growing heavy, growing heavy for the vintage. Chapter 25 the Grapes of Wrath THE SPRING IS BEAUTIFUL in California. Valleys in which the fruit blossoms are fragrant pink and white waters in a shallow sea. Then the first tendrils of the grapes swelling from the old gnarled vines, cascade down to cover the trunks. The full green hills are round and soft as breasts. And on the level vegetable lands are the mile-long rows of pale green lettuce and the spindly little cauliflowers, the gray-green unearthly artichoke plants. And then the leaves break out on the trees, and the petals drop from the fruit trees and carpet the earth with pink and white.The centers of the blossoms swell and grow and color: cherries and apples, peaches and pears, figs which close the flower in the fruit. All California quickens with produce, and the fruit grows heavy, and the limbs bend gradually under the fruit so that little crutches must be placed under them to support the weight. Behind the fruitfulness are men of understanding and knowledge, and skill, men who experiment with seed, e ndlessly developing the techniques for greater crops of plants whose roots will resist the million enemies of the earth: the molds, the insects, the rusts, the blights.These men work carefully and endlessly to perfect the seed, theroots. And there are the men of chemistry who spray the trees against pests, who sulphur the grapes, who cut out disease and rots, mildews and sicknesses. Doctors of preventive medicine, men at the borders who look for fruit flies, for Japanese beetle, men who quarantine the sick trees and root them out and burn them, men of knowledge.The men who graft the young trees, the little vines, are the cleverest of all, for theirs is a surgeon's job, as tender and delicate; and these men must have surgeons' hands and surgeons' hearts to slit the bark, to place the grafts, to bind the wounds and cover them from the air. These are great men. Along the rows, the cultivators move, tearing the spring grass and turning it under to make a fertile earth, breaking the grou nd to hold the water up near the surface, ridging the ground in little pools for the irrigation, destroying the weed roots that may drink the water away from the trees.And all the time the fruit swells and the flowers break out in long clusters on the vines. And in the growing year the warmth grows and the leaves turn dark green. The prunes lengthen like little green bird's eggs, and the limbs sag down against the crutches under the weight. And the hard little pears take shape, and the beginning of the fuzz comes out on the peaches. Grape blossoms shed their tiny petals and the hard little beads become green buttons, and the buttons grow heavy. The men who work in the fields, the owners of the little orchards, watch and calculate.The year is heavy with produce. And the men are proud, for of their knowledge they can make the year heavy. They have transformed the world with their knowledge. The short, lean wheat has been made big and productive. Little sour apples have grown large and sweet, and that old grape that grew among the trees and fed the birds its tiny fruit has mothered a thousand varieties, red and black, green and pale pink, purple and yellow; and each variety with its own flavor. The men who work in the experimental farms have made new fruits: nectarines and forty kinds of plums, walnuts with paper shells.And always they work, selecting, grafting, changing, driving themselves, driving the earth to produce. And first the cherries ripen. Cent and a half a pound. Hell, we can't pick 'em for that. Black cherries and red cherries, full and sweet, and the birds eat half of each cherry and the yellowjackets buzz into the holes the birds made. And on the ground the seeds drop and dry with black shreds hanging from them. The purple prunes soften and sweeten. My God, we can't pick them and dry and sulphur them. We can't pay wages, no matter what wages. And the purple prunes carpet the ground.And first the skins wrinkle a little and swarms of flies come to fe ast, and the valley is filled with the odor of sweet decay. The meat turns dark and the crop shrivels on the ground. And the pears grow yellow and soft. Five dollars a ton. Five dollars for forty fiftypound boxes; trees pruned and sprayed, orchards cultivated—pick the fruit, put it in boxes, load the trucks, deliver the fruit to the cannery—forty boxes for five dollars. We can't do it. And the yellow fruit falls heavily to the ground and splashes on the ground. The yellowjackets dig into the soft meat, and there is a smell of ferment and rot.Then the grapes—we can't make good wine. People can't buy good wine. Rip the grapes from the vines, good grapes, rotten grapes, wasp-stung grapes. Press stems, press dirt and rot. But there's mildew and formic acid in the vats. Add sulphur and tannic acid. The smell from the ferment is not the rich odor of wine, but the smell of decay and chemicals. Oh, well. It has alcohol in it, anyway. They can get drunk. The little farme rs watched debt creep up on them like the tide. They sprayed the trees and sold no crop, they pruned and grafted and could not pick the crop.And the men of knowledge have worked, have considered, and the fruit is rotting on the ground, and the decaying mash in the wine vat is poisoning the air. And taste the wine—no grape flavor at all, just sulphur and tannic acid and alcohol. This little orchard will be a part of a great holding next year, for the debt will have choked the owner. This vineyard will belong to the bank. Only the great owners can survive, for they own the canneries, too. And four pears peeled and cut in half, cooked and canned, still cost fifteen cents. And the canned pears do not spoil.They will last for years. The decay spreads over the State, and the sweet smell is a great sorrow on the land. Men who can graft the trees and make the seed fertile and big can find no way to let the hungry people eat their produce. Men who have created new fruits in the world cannot create a system whereby their fruits may be eaten. And the failure hangs over the State like a great sorrow. The works of the roots of the vines, of the trees, must be destroyed to keep up the price, and this is the saddest, bitterest thing of all. Carloads of oranges dumped on the ground.The people came for miles to take the fruit, but this could not be. How would they buy oranges at twenty cents a dozen if they could drive out and pick them up? And men with hoses squirt kerosene on the oranges, and they are angry at the crime, angry at the people who have come to take the fruit. A million people hungry, needing the fruit—and kerosene sprayed over the golden mountains. And the smell of rot fills the country. Burn coffee for fuel in the ships. Burn corn to keep warm, it makes a hot fire. Dump potatoes in the rivers and place guards along the banks to keep the hungry people from fishing them out.Slaughter the pigs and bury them, and let the putrescence drip down into th e earth. There is a crime here that goes beyond denunciation. There is a sorrow here that weeping cannot symbolize. There is a failure here that topples all our success. The fertile earth, the straight tree rows, the sturdy trunks, and the ripe fruit. And children dying of pellagra must die because a profit cannot be taken from an orange. And coroners must fill in the certificate—died of malnutrition—because the food must rot, must be forced to rot.The people come with nets to fish for potatoes in the river, and the guards hold them back; they come in rattling cars to get the dumped oranges, but the kerosene is sprayed. And they stand still and watch the potatoes float by, listen to the screaming pigs being killed in a ditch and covered with quick-lime, watch the mountains of oranges slop down to a putrefying ooze; and in the eyes of the people there is the failure; and in the eyes of the hungry there is a growing wrath. In the souls of the people the grapes of wrath a re filling and growing heavy, growing heavy for the vintage.

Executive Summary Essays - Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

Executive Summary Essays - Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Executive Summary Learning Team A ACC 280 March 8, 2012 Rod Klein Executive Summary Company history: When was the company founded? By whom? List other historical facts. Walt Disney began his career in animation. He made animated commercials for the Kansas City Slide Company. In his free time, he began making his own cartoons. Walt asked his brother, Roy, to join him in launching the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio. It was founded on October 16, 1923 (Malloy, 2008). Walt Disneys theme park dream began as he sat on a bench watching children ride a merry-go-round. He wondered why no one had ever created a place where both parents and children could have fun at the same time. Disney believed in his idea, and he was willing to risk everything he owned to make it a reality. Walt and his brother Roy mortgaged everything they owned to raise $17 million to build Disneyland, but fell short of what they needed. ABC agreed to fund the project in exchange for part ownership and a weekly show (Malloy, 2008). Disney bought 160 acres of orange groves and began construction on May 1954. On July 17, 1955, the Disney theme park opened for invited guests. The following day, 10,000 members of the public were admitted for a $1 admission fee (Malloy, 2008). Disney is a diversified successful company. Walt Disney World opened October 1, 1971. Since then Epcot, MGM, Animal Kingdom, Pleasure Island, and three water parks opened. DisneyLands were also opened in Tokyo, Paris, and Hongkong (Eglinton, 2008). ABC broadcasting stations, programming stations, and radio groups are among Disneys resources. The Disney consumer products, ESPN, theater productions, and Disney Cruise Line are other sourcs of income (Who We Are, 2008). Who is the audit firm for the company? The Audit Committee of the board of directors is responsible for the selection of the independent auditors. Price Waterhouse Coopers, LLP, is a company providing independent audits for the Walt Disney Company (Walt Disney Company, 2012). What stock exchange is the company listed on? What is their ticker symbol? The Walt Disney Company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The companys ticker symbol is DIS (Scottrade, 2012). How much cash and cash equivalents did the company have at the end of its two most recent annual reporting periods? The cash and cash equivalents that Walt Disney Company had at the end of 2009 was $3,417,000. For 2010, it was $2,722,000. What were the companys total current assets at the end of its two most recent annual reporting periods? In what order should current assets be presented? Walt Disney Companys total current assets in 2009 were $11,889,000. In 2010, total current assets were $12,225,000. Current assets should be presented in the order that they are expected to be available for paying debts. What were the two largest current assets at the end of its two most recent annual reporting periods? The two largest current assets at the end of 2009 were Property Plant and Equipment in the amount of $17,806,000 and Goodwill in the amount of $21,683,000. In 2010, it was Property Plant and Equipment with $17,806,000 and Goodwill in the amount of $24,100,000. What were the companys total assets at the end of its two most recent annual reporting periods? The total assets for Walt Disney Co. in millions: Dec 2011 Oct 2010 $73,877 $69,206 (MSN Money, 2012) What amount of accounts payable did the company have at the end of its two most recent annual reporting periods? The total amount of accounts payable in millions: Oct 2011 Oct 2010 $4,546 $4,413 (MSN Money, 2012) What were the companys total current liabilities at the end of its two most recent annual reporting periods? Walt Disneys total current liabilities at the end of the most recent annual reporting periods: Sept 2011 Sept 2010 $34.74 B $31.69B What were the companys two largest current liabilities at the end of its two most recent annual reporting periods? Walt Disneys two largest current liabilities at the end of its two most recent annual reporting periods: Sept 2011 Sept 2010 $12.09 B $11.0 B What were the companys total liabilities at the end of its two most recent annual reporting periods? Walt Disneys total liabilities at the end of 2010

Physical properties and change essays

Physical properties and change essays A physical change occurs when an object goes through a change that doesnt alter its chemical nature. A physical change involves a change in physical properties. Physical properties can be observed or measured with out changing the type of matter. A physical property doesnt describe a change; it tells what the substance is composed of. Although a physical change doesnt alter the state of the element. There are many parts in a physical change and variables in a physical property. Physical properties can be observed without changing the type of matter. Examples of physical properties include: texture, shape, size, color, odor, volume, mass, weight, and density. An example of a physical change occurs when making a baseball bat. Wood is carefully crafted into a shape which will allow a batter to best apply force on the ball. Even though the wood has changed shape and therefore physical properties, the chemical nature of the wood has not been altered. The bat and the original piece of wood are still the same chemical substance. A physical change is a change in matter that involves no chemical reaction. When a substance undergoes a physical change, the composition of its molecules remains unchanged, and the substance does not lose its chemical identity. Melting, evaporating, and freezing are three types of physical change. For example, water (H2O) is a liquid that freezes to form the solid ice, which may again be melted into water. Because molecules of water and ice are composed of the same chemical elements in the same proportions, the change from water to ice is a physical change. Physical changes include any alteration in the shape and size of a substance. For example cutting, grinding, crushing, annealing, dissolving, or emulsifying produce physical changes. Still another physical change is sublimation, the change from a solid to a gas. According to Reeves physical Changes are those that do not involve changes in ...

The limitations of current therapeutic interventions for Parkinson Essay

The limitations of current therapeutic interventions for Parkinson disease - Essay Example In the neurochemical basis of Parkinson’s disease we learn that the pathological lesion in Parkinsonism lies in the corpus striatum and basal ganglia. In addition, the never cell bodies located in the substantia nigra shows signs of degeneration. The histochemical techniques have brought to notice that corpus striatum and basal ganglia are electively depleted of the monoamine, dopamine. The present time holds two major therapeutic interventions to fight back Parkinson’s disease. The first one involves the development of specific therapies for each of the existent problems in the patient that cannot be answerable otherwise by means of L-dopa and the second is by virtue of embryonic stem cells. It is essential to mention here that L-Dopa is more efficacious and less expensive as compared to other dopamine agonists. The drug therapies for Parkinson’s disease hold their presence of importance by their efficient functioning at two major lines: 1. Administration of anticholinergic drugs to decrease the cholinergic excitatory activity 2. Administration of dopaminergic drugs for enhancing dopaminergic inhibitory activity

Systems design and software integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Systems design and software integration - Essay Example The essay portrays the various difficulties associated with improper implementation of systems, inadequacy of data, lack of standardization of work procedures and methods. It throws light on the fact organizations gets affected because the top management fails to understand the nuance of systems integration and merely treats the whole job as purchase of software. It also highlights the additional costs involved in debugging wrong procedures or approaches. The essay is primarily based on the case of the food and confectionary giant Nestle, SA. Nestle, best known for its milk and chocolate products operates from more than 500 locations across the world and has its operations in more than 16 countries. The case draws our attention because it projects the need for systems integration approach, measures to be taken in selection of ERP modules and vendors, the number of difficulties a business organization can encounter in integrating some of its key activity areas such as centralized purchasing, linking the supply chain, distribution, manufacturing and sales functions. The essay critically exposes the limitations systems integrations approach can pose business units to if they fail to use the definition given by Elliot.G regarding ERP. Elliot defined ERP as "A key feature of ERP system is the ability to link areas of businesses that are globally distributed" (2004, pg.202) and customize its applications to suit its business needs. Nestle, operating in more than 500 locations and with a business volume of around $46.6 billion is a huge enterprise, controlling and planning operations of that magnitude is a colossal task. Nestle, had its own Electronic Data processing and Systems departments to cater to its needs. They had around 80 systems units using a range of IBM mainframe computers and UNIX machines to process and ensure information is exchanged properly between all the business units. A large organization such as Nestle believes in decentralizing its purchasing, marketing and even production activities. They decentralize the above mentioned activities so as to suit the cultural needs, values, preferences of customers regionally. They focus at offering products depending on the preferences of the customers. This customization of products helps them in leveraging their market positions globally.Rationale for ERP in large multinational organizations such as Nestle: Areas of concern for Nestle in this case are the amount of expenditure it is incurring in purchase of raw material, damage of material in the ware house and supply chain problems. As they do not have a centralized electronic data processing unit it is unable to compare and analyzes prices paid in purchase of raw material from a single vendor. For any organization it can be a serious limitation in terms of information, time and money. In order to overcome this limitation Nestle decided to go for an ERP. Organizations before they decide to go for ERP packages do need to evaluate their organizational needs. Information technology for managers a book from ICMR in a chapter named as Enterprise resource planning suggests that "before initiating the process of ERP implementation, the management should identify the