Sunday, August 23, 2020

Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Nineteen Free Essays

Nic turned a flat look toward me before restoring his consideration regarding the ME. â€Å"You can get a DNA test from that, right?† â€Å"Definitely.† Dr. We will compose a custom paper test on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Nineteen or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Watchry went to his sack, changed his gloves, and expelled the swabs and other fundamental things. Quietness ruled, broken distinctly by the snap and mix of the activity being finished. â€Å"What’s going on?† I murmured. â€Å"Murder.† â€Å"The nibble. That’s just weird.† Nic lifted a temple. â€Å"Says somebody who shouldn’t toss stones.† My lips fixed. On the off chance that he would have been nasty, I was going to leave. When somebody gave me a ride. I could move into a werewolf and run back to town, however for what reason would it be advisable for me to when I had no place to go and nothing squeezing to do? â€Å"There are a great deal of cases like this,† Nic proceeded. â€Å"Not just cautious, where the casualty chomps the killer, yet hostile, where an aggressor gets off on causing torment, applying control, or denoting the casualty as his own.† â€Å"I surmise we can’t expect ordinary conduct out of a killer.† â€Å"Or any other individual, for that matter.† My fingers grasped, however I abstained from straightening him. I was so glad for myself. â€Å"The nibble will assist you with getting the person, right?† Nic shrugged. â€Å"Bite-mark proof is more regularly utilized for conviction than apprehension.† In light of my glare, he clarified further. â€Å"In request to coordinate that nibble we’d need to check the impression against everyone’s dental records in Fairhaven. What's more, if the guilty party isn’t from here, or hasn’t been to a dental specialist †â€Å" â€Å"You’ve got only useless information,† I wrapped up. â€Å"Yeah. Then again, when a suspect’s in guardianship, a match can be utilized to give charges, perhaps bring about a conviction.† â€Å"I’ve never managed nibble mark proof before,† Dr. Watchry mumbled, as yet working. â€Å"But I have a colleague who’s a legal odontologist out of Madison. We’ve examined the most ideal approach to record the proof. Photographs. Measurements.† â€Å"Is it better to get him here?† Nic asked rapidly. â€Å"The window for gathering salivation in a DNA test is little. Also, the skin slides on a carcass in the event that you leave it excessively long. Movements the tissue underneath, adjusts everything.† I abstained from making choking commotions. I was, all things considered, a researcher. I’d seen more nauseating things than a body. Recollect Billy? â€Å"Sooner the better with this sort of evidence,† Dr. Watchry proceeded. â€Å"But I’ll call and approach him for help. Odontology is a quite certain science.† â€Å"That would be great,† Nic said. â€Å"I assume legal dental specialists are rare out here.† â€Å"He’s the just one to be had.† Dr. Watchry got to his feet. â€Å"Thought the vehicle would be along at this point. I ought to get this to the clinic.† â€Å"We’ll hang tight for them.† Nic helped the specialist pack the lights and rigging, at that point accompanied him to his vehicle. He came back with a telephone to his ear. I pondered for brief where he’d gotten it, since his had exploded alongside mine in Montana, at that point chose where didn’t matter. At any rate he had one. Nic separated the call. â€Å"Still no deputy.† Quietness settled between us, substantial with things neither one of us needed to state. Or on the other hand I didn’t need to. Nic didn’t appear to have an issue. â€Å"Why didn’t you tell me?† â€Å"What great would it have done?† â€Å"I adored you.† Past tense. I wasn’t astonished. He hadn’t talked about adoration before he’d known about my distress. Presently, I was simply stunned he hadn’t announced his everlasting scorn and blown my brains out with silver. On the off chance that he had any. My look brought down to the weapon he currently wore and I pondered. â€Å"Elise?† My eyes met his before he went to gaze at the trees. â€Å"What happened?† â€Å"Edward didn’t tell you?† â€Å"Demons, Nazis, hopeless blood desire. I think he was attempting to frighten me.† â€Å"Did he succeed?† â€Å"Enough for me to put the silver shots he gave me into my gun.† Indeed, that addressed one inquiry, at any rate. Dislike the others,† I felt constrained to call attention to; I’m not certain why. â€Å"You’ve never slaughtered guiltless people?† I gulped thickly. â€Å"I didn’t state that.† What's more, I wasn’t going to state any more. In the event that Edward had disclosed to him everything, Nic would be capturing me †or if nothing else attempting to. I’m sure my supervisor thought giving him I was werewolf would be sufficient to make Nic avoid my life until the end of time. Edward was no uncertainty right. â€Å"There’s an entire world over here nobody knows about,† Nic mumbled. â€Å"It’s the Jger-Suchers’ employment to ensure one world remains separate from the other.† Forty-eight hours prior Nic hadn’t trusted in enchantment, power, the heavenly. Obviously, seeing goes far toward accepting. Out of nowhere he reviled. I pushed ahead, putting myself among him and the trees. Regardless of what everybody said †this was a customary homicide, no werewolves, nothing bizarre except for an executioner †I was as yet jittery. This spot wasn’t right. Something was out there. Or on the other hand perhaps, as Damien stated, something was coming. Something consistently was. â€Å"What are you doing?† Nic inquired. â€Å"What did you see?† â€Å"My own stupidity.† Nic gazed at me with an inquisitive articulation, which couldn’t very camouflage the stream of dread. â€Å"I didn’t utilize a condom. I don't get that's meaning? Young doggies? Cubs?† I shook my head. â€Å"I can’t.† He got me by the arms, shook me once, hard. â€Å"You will. Let me know. I reserve the privilege to know.† â€Å"Let. Me. Go.† I said discreetly, readied to make him in the event that he didn’t. There was just so much abusing I would acknowledge. Nic did as I requested with a push that would have sent me rambling on the off chance that I hadn’t had the reflexes of a wolf. My fingers twisted into clench hands, however I didn’t fight back. I needed to give the man a little room to breath, however not for any longer. â€Å"I didn’t mean I can’t let you know; I implied I can’t have children.† â€Å"Explain.† â€Å"I would have on the off chance that you hadn’t been so keen on destroying me. Do you get off on that now?† â€Å"You recognize what I get off on. Or possibly I did until I discovered she wasn’t human.† His voice was cold and removed. I recollected the fantasies we’d shared †the picket fence, the little children, the life. Had he despite everything been dreaming those things? Had he been longing for having them with me? I questioned that. In any case, I owed him a clarification â€Å"Cross-species impregnation is impossible.† † Cross-species?† His lip twisted. â€Å"I’m not human; I’m not a wolf. I’m both.† â€Å"Great. That’s a heap off my brain. Am 1 going to get fuzzy now that we’ve traded spit and different other substantial fluids?† â€Å"Could you be more graphic?† My voice had gone cool and tidy. Ice sovereign was back. I’d sort of missed her. â€Å"Yes,† he snapped. I should simply mention to him what he needed to know, at that point leave him in the forested areas. He wouldn’t mind. â€Å"Lycanthropy is an infection, went uniquely through salivation while in wolf structure. You can’t get it from me. Except if I chomp you.† â€Å"Great,† he rehashed. â€Å"And just to make your brain feel relaxed, since a werewolf can fix anything other than silver, you don’t need to stress over STDs.† â€Å"Gee, a detail I’d totally overlooked in the midst of all the others.† Had I once thought of him as interesting and shrewd? I couldn’t understand it. â€Å"Your buddies fled town,† he mumbled. â€Å"Why are you still here?† â€Å"Batting cleanup.† I pointed at the sheriff, at that point solidified. â€Å"Well, there’s nothing otherworldly about this, so you can get lost.† Nic turned and saw what I had. The sheriff’s body was no more. The most effective method to refer to Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Nineteen, Essay models

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Estate Tax Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Papers Politics

The Estate Tax Have you heard the expression No tax imposition without any political benefit? It was the normal cry of the pilgrims before the progressive war. The settlers would not like to be burdened by England on the off chance that they were not permitted to cast a ballot in the English races. England’s refusal to permit them to cast a ballot was a significant explanation the settlers chose to make their own administration. At the point when this new government was first made it didn't burden those individuals that were not permitted to cast a ballot. At that point things changed; in 1916 the bequest charge was made. (The domain charge is a duty that duties expired people’s homes on the off chance that it is worth more than $675,00.) If one is to stay consistent with the American perfect of no tax imposition without any political benefit, the bequest assessment ought to be lifted. Dead individuals are not permitted to cast a ballot and, along these lines, ought not be burdened. T ragically numerous individuals no longer consideration what standards America was established on. So I will clarify upon different motivations to annul the demise charge. The reasons being: it makes it hard to pass on family cultivates, it burdens the dead, it has outlasted its unique reason and it makes an impediment for private ventures. The facts confirm that charge exception is took into account the first $675,000 that is left by the expired. In this way, an annulment of the home assessment would be a tax cut for the individuals who many think about rich. It is likewise obvious that some cash gets away from tax assessment because of escape clauses in the expense code. Hence making the domain charge an approach to ensure that all the riches engaged with the home is charged in any event once. It is likewise evident that the domain charge gets income for the Federal government. In any case, the individuals who state that the annulment of the home duty is a tax reduction for the rich might not have thought about that family ranchers are viewed as rich as far ... ...al of the bequest duty would be made up in different assessments. So what is being done about the harshness of the bequest charge and the anticipated advantages of its annulment? Well only this last meeting an annulment of the home assessment passed both the house and the senate and was hence vetoed by President Clinton. (Thomas) The bill at that point returned to the house for a vote to overrule President Clinton’s veto. The vote to overrule the veto lost by 13 votes. (Assessment Bites) This demonstrates a significant number of your congressmen and ladies are pulling for you. This likewise demonstrates some are most certainly not. Triumph for family cultivates entrepreneurs, and donors is close nearby, however it can possibly occur in the event that you compose your congressman encouraging him to help enactment that will rescind the bequest charge, and by making your voice heard by deciding in favor of individuals who as of now bolster the nullification of the home expense.

Friday, August 21, 2020

The Path to the Future free essay sample

This paper takes a gander at the political, money related and social eventual fate of Korea. This paper presents a conversation about the fate of Korea . The creator looks to crafted by Bruce Cummings Koreas Place in the Sun: A Modern History to show a few key objectives and focuses for the fate of the country. The paper inspects the progressions that ought to happen inside the nation throughout the following decade, including the development of a fair government, transforming the budgetary framework, and improving discretionary relations between the North and South. The world keeps on globalizing even despite fear based oppressor assaults on America . At the point when the center moves to another country there are numerous things that are happening during the globalization procedure. One country, Korea , is making extraordinary walks in numerous things with regards to the procedure; anyway there are different territories in which it is deficient. The structure of the country is one of a kind in that it has battled inside itself for two sorts of governments, and those different sides despite everything don't agree generally speaking. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Path to the Future or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As we globalize it will be intriguing to take note of how Korea moves to address a portion of the key issues that she will confront. Bruce Cummings, creator of Koreas Place in the Sun: A Modern History takes into consideration the likelihood that numerous progressions are made a beeline for Korea and he subtleties the manner in which he accepts they will occur. While there are a few zones that will be tended to as a characteristic expansion of the globalizing procedure there are a few that will must be intentionally worked out.

How to Get Learning Accommodations at School

Step by step instructions to Get Learning Accommodations at School A few understudies battle in school and need more help than is regularly found in the customary study hall, however that additional help isnt in every case simple to stop by. For understudies, normally the organization will necessitate that the understudy give documentation and solicitation housing in an auspicious way, and most will have the assets accessible to meet the understudies needs. Be that as it may, the equivalent isnt in every case valid at optional schools or center/primary schools. For schools who dont have vigorous scholastic help programs, understudies may beâ forced into a custom curriculum study halls or they might be required to bumble along without housing in the customary classroom.â In any case, there are possibilities for understudies battling in school, and one of those choices is a tuition based school. In contrast to government funded schools, parochial and tuition based schools don't need to give understudies with learning handicaps facilities. This decision falls under area 504 of the Rehabilitation Actâ and is an immediate aftereffect of the way that tuition based schools dont get open subsidizing. These tuition based schools additionally have a pass with regards to the need to follow the guidelines of the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), which expresses that state funded schools must give understudies with inabilities a free proper government funded training. What's more, not normal for government funded schools, non-public schools don't offer understudies with inabilities IEPs, or Individual Educational Plans. Tuition based schools: Varying Resources and Accommodations Since they don't need to hold fast to these government laws overseeing the instruction of understudies with inabilities, tuition based schools fluctuate in the help they award to understudies with learning and different handicaps. While years back, non-public schools regularly said that they didn't acknowledge understudies with learning issues, today, most schools acknowledge understudies who have analyzed learning issues, for example, dyslexia and ADHD, and different issues, for example, mentally unbalanced range disorder,â recognizing that these issues are really normal, even among exceptionally splendid understudies. There are even various non-public schools who oblige the requirements of understudies with learning contrasts. Some non-public schools for learning contrasts were established explicitly for understudies whose learning challengesâ dont permit them to enter the standard homeroom. The objective is frequently to help understudies and instruct them to comprehend their issues and create ways of dealing with stress that permit them to enter the standard study hall, yet a few understudies stay in these specific schools for their whole secondary school careers.â Devoted Learning Specialists What's more, numerous non-public schools have clinicians and learning pros on staff who can assist understudies with learning issues sort out their work and refine their investigation skills. As such, various standard non-public schools considerably offer scholastic help program, extending from fundamental mentoring to progressively thorough scholarly help educational programs that furnish understudies with an individual instructive master to assist them with bettering figure out how they learn and comprehend the difficulties they have. While mentoring is normal, a few schools go past that and offer hierarchical structure, time the executives ability advancement, study tips, and even give guidance on working instructors, schoolmates and taking care of workloads.â Tuition based schools likewise might have the option to concede lodging to help understudies in school, including the accompanying: additional time on testsuse of a PC or tablet for writing in-class expositions and assignmentshelp from a learning authority to figure out how to get ready for tests, study, sort out investigation materialsuse of a private space for testing or work In the event that youre considering non-public school and either know or suspect that your youngster may require additional helps, consider these means you may seek after to decide whether the school can meet your childs needs: Begin with Professional Evaluations In the event that you havent as of now, try to have your youngster assessed by an authorized proficient. You might have the option to have the assessment led by the nearby educational committee, or you may approach your non-public school for the names of private evaluators. The assessment should archive the idea of your childs inabilities and the required or recommended housing. Keep in mind, that while non-public schools arent required to allow facilities, many offer fundamental, sensible lodging, for example, expanded time on tests, for understudies with archived learning issues. Meet with Professionals at the School before you apply Indeed, regardless of whether youre simply applying to the school, you can demand gatherings with the scholastic pros at the school. Accepting you have the testing results accessible, you may set up arrangements. You would almost certainly organize these gatherings through the affirmation office, and they can frequently be joined with a school visit or here and there even an Open House, in the event that you give early notification. This permits both you and the school to evaluate whether your childs needs can be appropriately met by the school. Meet with Professionals at the School after youre acknowledged Once youre acknowledged, you should plan an opportunity to meet with your childs educators and learning authority or clinician to start building up an arrangement for progress. You can talk about the aftereffects of the assessment, the correct lodging for your youngster and what this implies regarding your childs plan. Here are more techniques about how to advocate for your youngster with learning issues. Article altered by Stacy Jagodowski.

Friday, July 10, 2020

How To Find College Level Essay Samples

How To Find College Level Essay SamplesWhen choosing a subject for your college-level essay, it is important to know the most suitable topic to write about. College level essay writing samples are available for free or cost, as many as you need.Essay writing samples to help you get an idea on what the writer is capable of writing about and what to write about. Most subjects are discussed in detail and, most importantly, the essay is grammatically correct. As long as your writing is in good style, you have won the battle for the college essay.Writing a college level essay is not that easy. One has to spend time and effort to edit and proofread, for one must make sure that all the lines are in the right order and the essay is concise. No doubt, time is a problem and, besides, the college requires a lot of study. But, with a little patience, one can make the college level essay writing samples writing.Online essay sample writing has become a lot more helpful now. You can choose to write a word essay that will help you to learn some tips and tricks, so that you can write and edit the college level essay yourself. Since these writing samples are free, you have very little time to spare for editing, but the good thing is that you can use these writing samples at your convenience.If you feel like submitting your college level essay, you may find it difficult to read through the hundreds of college level essay samples that are being offered by these online essay writing services. Fortunately, the best writing service allows you to click on a blank page or file and the essay samples are downloaded to your computer instantly.You have to read and edit the essay until it turns out like you wanted it to be. The best writing service lets you do this on your own time without making you pay anything.That is the beauty of this service; you don't have to write an essay, you just need to browse and pick an essay writing sample to do the writing. There are also other college essay writing samples for you to browse and choose from.

Thursday, July 2, 2020

Introduction To The SENSEX Index Example For Free - Free Essay Example

BSE is the first stock exchange in the country to obtain permanent recognition in 1956 from the Government of India.The Exchange has a nation-wide reach with a presence in 417 cities and towns of India.The Exchanges role in the development of the Indian capital market is widely recognized and its index, SENSEX, is tracked worldwide. The BSE Sensex or Bombay Stock Exchange Sensitivity Index is a value-weighted index composed of 30 stocks that started January 1, 1986. The Sensex is regarded as the pulse of the domestic stock markets in India. It consists of the 30 largest and most actively traded stocks, representative of various sectors, on the Bombay Stock Exchange. These companies account for around fifty per cent of the market capitalisation of the BSE. The base value of the sensex is 100 on April 1, 1979, and the base year of BSE-SENSEX is 1978-79. Earlier an Association of Persons (AOP).The Exchange is professionally managed under the overall direction of the Bo ard of Directors.The Board comprises eminent professionals, representatives of Trading Members and the Managing Director of the Exchange.In terms of organisation structure, the Board formulates larger policy issues and exercises over-all control. The committees constituted by the Board are broad-based.The day-to-dayoperations of the Exchange are managed by the Managing Director and a management team of professionals. Analysis of sensex How is sensex index calculated ? SENSEX, first compiled in 1986 was calculated on a Market Capitalization-Weighted methodology of 30 component stocks representing a sample of large, well-established and financially sound companies.These companies account for around one-fifth of the market capitalization of the BSE(indices). The base year of SENSEX is 1978-79(April.1ÂÂ  1979 = 100). The index is widely reported in both domestic and international markets through print as well as electronic media. SENSEX is not only scientifically designed but also based on globally accepted construction and review methodology. From September 2003, the SENSEX is calculated on a free-float marke capitalization methodology. The free-float Market Capitalization-Weighted methodology is a widely followed index construction methodology on which majority of global equity benchmarks are based. Market cap or market capitalization is simply the worth of a company in terms of its shares! To put it in a simple way, if you were to buy all the shares of a particular company, what is the amount you would have to pay? That amount is called the market capitalization!so its expressn can b.. Market cap = (current share price)X(number of shares issued by the company) Now, only the open market shares that are free for trading by anyone, are called the free-float shares.A simple way to understand the free-float market cap would be, the total cost of buying all the shares in the open market!BSE determines a free-float factor depending on how many s hares are open in the total,then free-float market capitalization can be expressed as free-float Market cap= (free float factor)X(Market cap of the company) Now by adding free-float market cap of all the 30 companies listed and making it relative to sensex base, i.e, Sensex = 100X(free-float market cap1)/(free-float market cap of base year-1978-79) What are prerequisites for a company to be listed ? Some of the requirements are as under :- [I] Minimum Listing Requirements for new companies The following revised eligibility criteria for listing of companies on the Exchange, through Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Follow-on Public Offerings (FPOs), effective August 1, 2006. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR IPOs/FPOs 1. Companies have been classified as large cap companies and small cap companies. A large cap company is a company with a minimum issue size of Rs. 10 crores and market capitalization of not less than Rs. 25 crores. A small cap company is a company o ther than a large cap company. 1. In respect of Large Cap Companies 1. The minimum post-issue paid-up capital of the applicant company (hereinafter referred to as the Company) shall be Rs. 3 crores; and 2. The minimum issue size shall be Rs. 10 crores; and 3. The minimum market capitalization of the Company shall be Rs. 25 crores (market capitalization shall be calculated by multiplying the post-issue paid-up number of equity shares with the issue price). 2. In respect of Small Cap Companies 1. The minimum post-issue paid-up capital of the Company shall be Rs. 3 crores; and 2. The minimum issue size shall be Rs. 3 crores; and 3. The minimum market capitalization of the Company shall be Rs. 5 crores (market capitalization shall be calculated by multiplying the post-issue paid-up number of equity shares with the issue price); and 4. The minimum income/turnover of the Company should be Rs. 3 crores in each of the preceding three 12-months period; and 5. Th e minimum number of public shareholders after the issue shall be 1000. 6. A due diligence study may be conducted by an independent team of Chartered Accountants or Merchant Bankers appointed by the Exchange, the cost of which will be borne by the company. The requirement of a due diligence study may be waived if a financial institution or a scheduled commercial bank has appraised the project in the preceding 12 months. 2. For all companies : 1. In respect of the requirement of paid-up capital and market capitalisation, the issuers shall be required to include in the disclaimer clause forming a part of the offer document that in the event of the market capitalisation (product of issue price and the post issue number of shares) requirement of the Exchange not being met, the securities of the issuer would not be listed on the Exchange. 2. The applicant, promoters and/or group companies, should not be in default in compliance of the listing agreement. 3. The above eligibi lity criteria would be in addition to the conditions prescribed under SEBI (Disclosure and Investor Protection) Guidelines, 2000. [II] Minimum Listing Requirements for companies listed on other stock exchanges The Governing Board of the Exchange at its meeting held on 6th August, 2002 amended the direct listing norms for companies listed on other Stock Exchange(s) and seeking listing at BSE. These norms are applicable with immediate effect. 1. The company should have minimum issued and paid up equity capital of Rs. 3 crores. 2. The Company should have profit making track record for last three years. The revenues/profits arising out of extra ordinary items or income from any source of non-recurring nature should be excluded while calculating distributable profits. 3. Minimum networth of Rs. 20 crores (networth includes Equity capital and free reserves excluding revaluation reserves). 4. Minimum market capitalisation of the listed capital should be at least two times of the paid up capital. 5. The company should have a dividend paying track record for the last 3 consecutive years and the minimum dividend should be at least 10%. 6. Minimum 25% of the companys issued capital should be with Non-Promoters shareholders as per Clause 35 of the Listing Agreement. Out of above Non Promoter holding no single shareholder should hold more than 0.5% of the paid-up capital of the company individually or jointly with others except in case of Banks/Financial Institutions/Foreign Institutional Investors/Overseas Corporate Bodies and Non-Resident Indians. 7. The company should have at least two years listing record with any of the Regional Stock Exchange. 8. The company should sign an agreement with CDSL NSDL for demat trading. [III] Minimum Requirements for companies delisted by BSE seeking relisting of the Exchange The companies delisted by the Exchange and seeking relisting are required to make a fresh public offer and comply with the prev ailing SEBIs and BSEs guidelines regarding initial public offerings. How do companies get listed on the stock market ? Here is how BSE lists companies which satisfy criterion,more or less same procedure is fallowed by other stock exchanges. Bombay Exchange has a separate Listing Department to grant approval for listing of securities of companies in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, Securities Contracts (Regulation) Rules, 1957, Companies Act, 1956, Guidelines issued by SEBI and Rules, Bye-laws and Regulations of the Exchange. A company intending to have its securities listed on any Exchange has to comply with the listing requirements prescribed by the Exchange and regulating bodies. IV Permission to use the name of the Exchange in an Issuer Companys prospectus V Submission of Letter of Application VI Allotment of Securities VII Trading Permission VIII Requirement of 1% Security IX Payment of Listing Fees X Compliance with Listing Agreement XI Cash Management Services (CMS) Collection of Listing Fees [IV] Permission to use the name of the Exchange(for BSE) in an Issuer Companys prospectus The Exchange follows a procedure in terms of which companies desiring to list their securities offered through public issues are required to obtain its prior permission to use the name of the Exchange in their prospectus or offer for sale documents before filing the same with the concerned office of the Registrar of Companies. The Exchange has since last three years formed a Listing Committee to analyse draft prospectus/offer documents of the companies in respect of their forthcoming public issues of securities and decide upon the matter of granting them permission to use the name of Bombay Stock Exchange Limited in their prospectus/offer documents. The committee evaluates the promoters, company, project and several other factors before taking decision in this regard. List [V] Sub mission of Letter of Application As per Section 73 of the Companies Act, 1956, a company seeking listing of its securities on the Exchange is required to submit a Letter of Application to all the Stock Exchanges where it proposes to have its securities listed before filing the prospectus with the Registrar of Companies. List [VI] Allotment of Securities As per Listing Agreement, a company is required to complete allotment of securities offered to the public within 30 days of the date of closure of the subscription list and approach the Regional Stock Exchange, i.e. Stock Exchange nearest to its Registered Office for approval of the basis of allotment. In case of Book Building issue, Allotment shall be made not later than 15 days from the closure of the issue failing which interest at the rate of 15% shall be paid to the investors. List [VII] Trading Permission As per Securities and Exchange Board of India Guidelines, the issuer company should complete the for malities for trading at all the Stock Exchanges where the securities are to be listed within 7 working days of finalisation of Basis of Allotment. A company should scrupulously adhere to the time limit for allotment of all securities and dispatch of Allotment Letters/Share Certificates and Refund Orders and for obtaining the listing permissions of all the Exchanges whose names are stated in its prospectus or offer documents. In the event of listing permission to a company being denied by any Stock Exchange where it had applied for listing of its securities, it cannot proceed with the allotment of shares. However, the company may file an appeal before the Securities and Exchange Board of India under Section 22 of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956. List [VIII] Requirement of 1% Security The companies making public/rights issues are required to deposit 1% of issue amount with the Regional Stock Exchange before the issue opens. This amount is liable to be forfe ited in the event of the company not resolving the complaints of investors regarding delay in sending refund orders/share certificates, non-payment of commission to underwriters, brokers, etc. List [IX] Payment of Listing Fees All companies listed on the Exchange have to pay Annual Listing Fees by the 30th April of every financial year to the Exchange as per the Schedule of Listing Fees prescribed from time to time. The schedule of listing fees for the year 2007-2008, prescribed by the Governing Board of the Exchange is given hereunder : SCHEDULE OF LISTING FEES FOR THE YEAR 2007-2008 Sr. No. Particulars Amount (Rs.) 1 Initial Listing Fees 20,000 2 Annual Listing Fees (i) Companies with paid-up capital* upto Rs. 5 crores-10,000 (ii) AboveRs. 5 crores and upto Rs. 10 crores-15,000 (iii) Above Rs. 10 crores and upto Rs. 20 crores-30,000 3 Companies which have a listed capital* of more than Rs. 20 crores will pay additional fee of Rs. 750/- for every increase of Rs. 1 crores or part thereof. 4 In case of debenture capital (not convertible into equity shares) of companies, the fees will be charged @ 25% of the fees payable as per the above mentioned scales. *includes equity shares, preference shares, fully convertible debentures, partly convertible debenture capital and any other security which will be converted into equity shares. Kindly Note the last date for payment of listing fee for the year 2007-2008 is April 30, 2007. Failure to pay the listing fee(for the equity and/or debt segment) before the due date i.e. April 30, 2007 will attract imposition of interest @ 12% per annum w.e.f. May 1, 2007. List [X] Compliance with Listing Agreement The companies desirous of getting their securities listed are required to enter into an agreement with the Exchange called the Listing Agreement and they are required to make certain disclosures and perform certain acts. As such, the agreement is of great importance and is executed under the common seal of a company. Under the Listing Agreement, a company undertakes, amongst other things, to provide facilities for prompt transfer, registration, sub-division and consolidation of securities; to give proper notice of closure of transfer books and record dates, to forward copies of unabridged Annual Reports and Balance Sheets to the shareholders, to file Distribution Schedule with the Exchange annually; to furnish financial results on a quarterly basis; intimate promptly to the Exchange the happenings which are likely to materially affect the financial performance of the Company and its stock prices, to comply with the conditions of Corporate Governance, etc. The Listing Department of the Exchange monitors the compliance of the companies with the provisions of the Listing Agreement, especially with regard to timely payment of annual listing fees, submission of quarterly results, requirement of minimum number of shareholders, etc. and takes penal actio n against the defaulting companies. List [XI] Cash Management Services (CMS) Collection of Listing Fees As a further step towards simplifying the system of payment of listing fees, the Exchange has entered into an arrangement with HDFC Bank for collection of listing fees, from 141 locations, situated all over India.Details of the HDFC Bank branches, are available on our website site www.bseindia.com as well as on the HDFC Bank website www.hdfcbank.com The above facility is being provided free of cost to the Companies. Companies intending to utilise the above facility for payment of listing fee would be required to furnish the information, (mentioned below) in the Cash Management Cash Deposit Slip. These slips would be available at all the HDFC Bank centres. S.No HEAD INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED 1. Client Name Bombay Stock Exchange Limited 2. Client Code BSELIST 3. Cheque No. mention the cheque No date 4. Date date on which pay ment is being deposited with the bank. 5. Drawer state the name of the company and the company code No.The last digits mentioned in the Ref. No. on the Bill is the company code No.e.g If the Ref. No in the Bill is mentioned as : Listing/Alf-Bill/2004-2005/4488, then the code No of that company is 4488 6. Drawee Bank state the bank on which cheque is drawn 7. Drawn on Location Mention the location of the drawee bank. 8. Pickup Location Not applicable 9. No. of Insts Not applicable The Cheque should be drawn in favour of Bombay Stock Exchange Limited , and should be payable, locally.Companies are requested to mention in the deposit slip, the financial year(s) for which listing fee is being paid. Payment made through any other slips would not be considered. The above slips will have to be filled in quadruplicate. One acknowledged copy would be provided to the depositor by the HDFC Bank. Development of sensex in last year 1000, July 25, 1990 On July 25, 1990, the Sensex touched the four-digit figure for the first time and closed at 1,001 in the wake of a good monsoon and excellent corporate results 2000, January 15, 1992 On January 15, 1992, the Sensex crossed the 2,000-mark and closed at 2,020 followed by the liberal economic policy initiatives undertaken by the then finance minister and current Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh 3000, February 29, 1992 On February 29, 1992, the Sensex surged past the 3000 mark in the wake of the market-friendly Budget announced by Manmohan Singh. 4000, March 30, 1992 On March 30, 1992, the Sensex crossed the 4,000-mark and closed at 4,091 on the expectations of a liberal export-import policy. It was then that the Harshad Mehta scam hit the markets and Sensex witnessed unabated selling. 5000, October 11, 1999 On October 8, 1999, the Sensex crossed the 5,000-mark as the Bharatiya Janata Party-led coalition won the majority in the 13th Lok Sabha election. 6000, February 11, 2000 On February 11, 2000, the information technology boom helped the Sensex to cross the 6,000-mark and hit and all time high of 6,006. 7000, June 21, 2005 On June 20, 2005, the news of the settlement between the Ambani brothers boosted investor sentiments and the scrips of RIL, Reliance Energy, Reliance Capital and IPCL made huge gains. This helped the Sensex crossed 7,000 points for the first time. 8000, September 8, 2005 On September 8, 2005, the Bombay Stock Exchanges benchmark 30-share index the Sensex crossed the 8000 level following brisk buying by foreign and domestic funds in early trading. 9000, December 9, 2005 The Sensex on November 28, 2005 crossed 9000 to touch 9000.32 points during mid-session at the Bombay Stock Exchange on the back of frantic buying spree by foreign institutional investors and well supported by local operators as well as retail investors. 10,000, February 7, 2006 The Sensex on February 6, 2006 touched 10,003 points during mid-session. The Sensex finally closed above the 10,000-mark on February 7, 2006. 11,000, March 27, 2006 The Sensex on March 21, 2006 crossed 11,000 and touched a peak of 11,001 points during mid-session at the Bombay Stock Exchange for the first time. However, it was on March 27, 2006 that the Sensex first closed at over 11,000 points. 12,000, April 20, 2006 The Sensex on April 20, 2006 crossed 12,000 and touched a peak of 12,004 points during mid-session at the Bombay Stock Exchange for the first time. 13,000, October 30, 2006 The Sensex on October 30, 2006 crossed 13,000 for the first time. It touched a peak of 13,039.36 and finally closed at 13,024.26. 14000, December 5, 2006 The Sensex on December 5, 2006 crossed 14,000. 15,000, July 6, 2007 The Sensex on July 6, 2007 crossed 15,000 mark. 16,000, September 19, 2007 The Sensex on September 19, 2007 crossed the 16,000 mark. 17,000, September 26, 2007 The Sensex on September 26, 2007 crossed the 17,000 mark for the first time. 18,000, October 9, 2007 The Sensex on October 9, 2007 crossed the 18,000 mark for the first time. 19,000, October 15, 2007 The Sensex on October 15, 2007 crossed the 19,000 mark for the first time. 20,000, October 29, 2007 The Sensex on October 29, 2007 crossed the 20,000 mark for the first time. 21,000, Jan 08, 2008 The Sensex on January 8, 2008 touched all time peak of 21078 before closing at 20873.[3] 13,000, October 30, 2006 The Sensex on October 30, 2006 crossed 13,000 and still riding high at the Bombay Stock Exchange for the first time. It took 135 days to reach 13,000 from 12,000. And 124 days to reach 13,000 from 12,500. On October 30, 2006 it touched a peak of 13,039.36 closed at 13,024.26. 14,000, December 5, 2006 The Sensex on December 5, 2006 crossed 14,000 and touched a peak of 14028 at 9.58AM(IST) while opening for the day December 5, 2006. 15,000, July 6, 2007- The Sensex on July 6, 2007 crossed another mile stone and reached a magic figure of 15,000. it took almost 7 month and 1 day to touch such a historic milestone. Coincidentally, Sachin Tendulkar achieved the same mark (15000 runs in international cricket) around the same time. (A refrain at that time was, Sachin, make runs, so that the Sensex rises too!) The following diagram shows the growth of earning per share from 1998 to 2010. The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) Sensex grew by 249 percent over the last 10 years, while the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) Composite Index managed 140 percent growth. This is more remarkable given the Shanghai market has the advantage of a fixed population access; Chinese nationals can only invest in the Shanghai or Shenzhen exchanges and require special permission to acquire stocks from overseas. Indians meanwhile are free to invest where they choose, however increasing amounts of foreign capital and returning Indian investment are now flowing back to India (the Shanghai Stock Exchange places lim itations on foreign investment with a only 79 foreign institutions currently able to buy and sell A (locally priced) shares). The BSE traces its roots back to 1830, with its primary trading index, the Sensex, being first compiled in 1986 with a base level of 100. The BSE is now the largest exchange in South Asia and the 12th largest globally with an estimated market capitalization of US$1.03 trillion in June 2009. There are over 4,o00 listed companies on the exchange. In contrast, the SSE was only reformed in 1990 and lists some 900 companies. It is the sixth largest exchange in the world with a market capitalization of US$2.07 trillion, but is dominated by government-owned companies and is not fully open to foreign investors. Shanghais primary index, the SSE Composite IX was formed in 1991 with a base value of 100. The Indian industries were greatly effected by the recession of the year 2010. Indian Economy, however just felt the blow of the global economic recession and the real economic growth have seen a sharp fall followed by the lower exports, capital outflow and corporate restructuring. It is expected that the global economies continue to stay strong in the short-term as the effect of stimulus is still strong and the tax cuts are working. Indias Economic Outlook Projection 2007 2008 2009 2010 GDP Growth 9.40% 7.30% 7.60% 8.30% CPI 6.40% 9.30% 5.50% 4.90% Year 2009 has started on the gloomy note, however the trend reversed from the first quarter of the year, financial markets posted strong gains fueled by huge amount of capital inflows which was set-aside during the economic downturn in search of a higher yield. In order to keep the economic growth during the time of worst recession, Federal authorities in India has announced the stimulus packages to prop-up the economic growth. To finance the stimulus packages, Indian Government has raised over $100 billion over the last four quarters in a way to finance the stimulus package. Cou ntrys Public debt, according to the latest data has zoomed to over 50% of the total GDP and Indias Central bank, Reserve Bank of India has started printing new currency notes

Wednesday, May 20, 2020

Ancient India And China s Caste System Essay - 1020 Words

Ancient India and China’s Caste System In ancient India and China a social system was developed to separate the society into levels. This social system is called a caste system. Which caste level you belong to was determined by your occupation and family origin. If you were born the son of a king your life was grand. But, if you were born to a farmer you are a farmer for life. Your birth determines where you fall in the caste system, and you live according to the rules. Both ancient India and China had the caste system. Ancient India and China had similarities and differences in the caste system. Our text book tells us that Aryans became dominant in north India. In Sanskrit text the Indo-Aryan developed the caste and the Brahman religion. The Brahman religion developed into Hinduism. (Beck et al.) India’s caste system there is 4 caste or social levels of people. At the top there is the Bhramin which are the priests and teachers. Second is the Kshatryia which are the leaders and warriors. Third is the Vaishya which are the merchants and landowners. Fourth is the Sundra which are commoners, peasants, and servants. Not considered in the caste system is the untouchables which are the outcasts. They held the lowest valued jobs such as street sweepers, latrine cleaners, and slaughter house workers. The caste system in India forbids people from mingling with other levels of castes. What caste level you were born into you were required to stay at that level. There was noShow MoreRelatedAncient And Early Modern Societies1145 Words   |  5 PagesHaylee Ferguson Professor Seaman History 4 27 November 2016 Ancient and Early-Modern Societies Mesopotamia, China, Aryan India, and early- modern Europe are all different when it comes to the way they live. Mesopotamia is known to be the â€Å"land between the Tigris and Euphrates river†, according to the Greek meaning. In Mesopotamia there is four primary categories of people. First is the nobles, second is the free clients who worked the lands, third is the commoners who owned their ownRead MoreSocial Stratification Can Be Defined As A System In Which1024 Words   |  5 PagesSocial stratification can be defined as a system in which groups of people are divided into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige. Social stratification can affect the way people interpret life. There’s four major systems that makes up social stratification slavery, caste, estate, and class. Slavery refers to the aspect that people can own other people. This has been around since ancient times of history, and still do this day occurring. Slavery is based upon three factorsRead MoreAncient Civilizations Of India And China2144 Words   |  9 PagesRiley King Brianna Vinup Ancient India and China The ancient civilizations of India and China were possibly the most advanced of their time. Both countries had much to offer in that time including new technology, governments, religions, and items to trade. The two countries have and had had many similarities and contrasts. The geography of ancient India was a little different than what is to this day. The Himalayan mountains are located in the Northern part of India and the Hindu Kush are locatedRead MoreComparing Ancient India And China2142 Words   |  9 PagesAncient India and China The ancient civilizations of India and China were possibly the most advanced of their time. Both countries had much to offer in that time including new technology, governments, religions, and items to trade. The two countries have and had had many similarities and contrasts. The geography of ancient India was a little different than what is to this day. The Himalayan mountains are located in the Northern part of India and the Hindu Kush are located in the North West. ThreeRead MoreThe Caste System And The Indian Government Essay950 Words   |  4 Pagesus that the caste system unfortunately still exists. The caste system is a system of class and hierarchy, it divides people in terms of classes called castes which usually determines their status in the community and therefor their livelihoods. The caste system still exists and if not constitutionally definitely socially. The caste system presence keeps different communities separated, lowers national GDP (Economic activity/development), discriminates against those of the lower caste, slows the developmentRead MoreAsian Dietary Cultures That Have Developed Through The Centuries789 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Charlotte Brooks’s 2009 Alien Neighbors, Foreign Friends: Asian Americans, Housing a nd the Transformation of Urban California, San Francisco’s Chinatown was America’s first and most famous segregated neighborhood of asian culture. in the 1940’s the Asian culture received even more segregation when they were put into internment camps in false fear they were conspiring against america. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 was brought into effect by asian americans which allowed americaRead MoreDevelopment And Interaction Of Cultures2004 Words   |  9 Pages Liza-Kelly Mbah October 22, 2014 Period Six What helped to bring about the development of cultures in Ancient Egypt, Mesoamerica, Classical Persia, India, Greece and Rome from 600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.? Annotations -Founding of Jainism - Mahavira born 540 B.C.E., founder of Jainism âÅ"” -Founding of Buddhism - Buddha publicly announced doctrine in 528 B.C.E. âÅ"” -Hinduism supported cast system, made it religiously sanctified bc of karma âÅ"” -Chavin Cult appears 1000 B.C.E. -Cult of Osiris âÅ"” -UpanishadsRead MorePositive Effects of the British Colonization of India Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesof India. When the East India Company took control of India in 1612, they began modernizing, westernizing, and industrializing India. This westernization included giving women more rights, an attempt to eliminate the caste system and the loss of many of the more backward Hindu religious beliefs such as the domination of women by men and denying an entire class of people any rights. British occupation also did things long term for India. The modern technology and western customs allowed India toRead MoreCultural Components That Make Up The Country India1080 Words   |  5 PagesIndia is a country often described as being the most unforgettable place you can visit. It attracts those who seek to experience spiritual awakening, those who crave inspiration and wish to engulf themselves in rich culture, and sometimes merely those who have a passionate desire to learn. Having lived in the USA as a Mexican-American for more than 10 years already, I know much about living a life that balances out different beliefs and traditions, as well as profoundly appreciating that which isRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Confucianism856 Words   |  4 PagesHinduism and Confucianism are two well known religions that have been around for thousands of years. they have a lot of similarities, but also some differences. Both religions are located in Asia, while Hinduism is mainly in India, and Confucianism is in China. Both religions are based around the people’s actions as well as the meaning of life, which are shown through their strict society and social structures. Even though they’re different, both religions have 3 principles or values they go by.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Don’t Excessively Drink Energy Drinks, An Outline - 635 Words

Topic: Don’t excessively drink energy drinks Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience energy drinks drunken excessively are bad for your health Thesis Statement: Energy drinks contain multiple ingredients that are bad for your health. I. INTRODUCTION A. Attention material/Credibility Material: Many people drink energy drinks in order to get them through the day, thinking that by getting a boost of energy it will help then, but it hurts you more than you think. How: This year research documented a jump in energy drink related emergency room visits and politicians and consumers called upon the FDA to look into deaths associated with energy drinks. The amount of caffeine added to energy drinks is not regulated by the FDA (http://www.cnn.com/2013/02/06/health/time-energy-drink/) B. Tie to the audience: Why: one study of college student of consumption found 50% of students drank at least 1-4 a month, threw my personal experience I drank 1-4 a day. C. Thesis and Preview: Today I’d like to talk to you about first, how energy drinks are bad for you, second, why it affects you, and finally, what makes them bad for you. [Transition into body of speech]: I’ll begin by telling you about how energy drinks are bad for you. II. BODY A. People around the world drink energy drinks on a daily basis not knowing of the ingredients and how they affect your body. more than 200 milligrams of caffeine can be dangerous, and energy drinks can include up to 500mg 1. The problem isShow MoreRelatedThe Psychological Costs of Societal Ideals in The Glass Menagerie1758 Words   |  8 PagesAmandas only connection with the present is portrayed through her longing for a stable family structure, that is, a stable means of support, for her daughter, one in which her daughter, Laura, will find a suitable husband, one who will not drink excessively, who will find excitement enough in a conventional career and family (Domina). In other words, Amanda desires to be a part of the successful American household that fits her depiction of the American dream. Her reality, however, is far fromRead MoreEssay about Alcoholism and Drug Addiction17765 Words   |  72 Pagesfor diagnosing alcoholism is evaluating responses to a group of standardized questions. These can be used to identify harmful drinking patterns, including alcoholism. In general, problem drinking is considered alcoholism when the person continues to drink when they want to stop because of socia l or health problems caused by drinking. Treatment of alcoholism takes several steps. Because of the medical problems that can be caused by withdrawal, alcohol detoxification is carefully controlled and may involveRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesformidable problems facing brand builders today. 1. Pressure To Compete On Price There are enormous pressures on nearly all firms to engage in price competition. In all industries from computers to cars to frozen dinners to airlines to soft drinks, price competition is at center stage, driven by the power of strong retailers, value-sensitive customers, reduced category growth, and overcapacity (often caused by new entrants and by old competitors hanging on, sometimes via bankruptcy). RetailersRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pageschaotic pace of change, â€Å"If you’re not confused, you’re not paying attention.† And the late Peter Drucker characterized the current environment this way: â€Å"We are in one of those great historical periods that occur every 200 or 300 years when people don’t understand the world anymore, and the past is not sufficient to explain the future.† Almost no one would argue that â€Å"permanent white water† best characterizes our current environment. Almost everything is in flux, from our technology and methods ofRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagessupervised the work from time to time. It was then decided to prepare a Dictionary for the use of English-speaking people, with the object of encouraging them to learn the language of one of the largest, if not the largest, of the tribes in Nigeria. The outline Dictionary of English words, by A.C. Madan, prepared for students of African languages, was taken as the basis of work, and in 1913 this selection of words was completed. Archdeacon Dennis was asked to revise the work and to see it through the PressRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesshow how individuals can develop the skills necessary to move progressively from idea to impact. By identifying behaviors of the world’s best innovators—from leaders at Amazon and Apple to those at Google, Skype, and Virgin Group—the authors outline ve discovery skills that distinguish innovative entrepreneurs and executives from ordinary managers: Associating, Questioning, Observing, Networking, and Experimenting. Once you master these competencies (the authors provide a self assessmentRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 Pages1 Introduction 13.2 Cross-border MAs: a literature review 13.3 Empirical analysis: definition of sample, variables and methodology 13.4 Results from empirical analysis 13.5 Conclusions 188 188 190 192 199 208 14 Mergers between European Energy Firms: National Champions and Markets Francesc Trillas 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 Introduction The issues at stake The behavior of target firms Expanding firms Competition policy and national champions Conclusion 213 213 214 217 221 228 231 Read MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesAnglo American, Bodycote, Bosch, China Minsheng Bank, Hana Financial, HSBC, Ingersoll Rand, Medtronic, Shanghai Municipal Government, Siam Cement, the World Economic Forum, and Deloitte Touche, where he served as senior external adviser to the Global Energy Resource Group. He received his PhD from George Washington University in strategic and international management. Brief Contents Part One Environmental Foundation 1 1 Globalization and International Linkages 2 The Political, Legal, and TechnologicalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesTeam Efficacy? 322 Point/Counterpoint We Can Learn Much About Work Teams from Studying Sports Teams 326 Questions for Review 327 Experiential Exercise Fixed versus Variable Flight Crews 327 Ethical Dilemma Unethical Teams 327 Case Incident 1 Why Don’t Teams Work Like They’re Supposed to? 328 Case Incident 2 Multicultural Multinational Teams at IBM 329 11 Communication 335 Functions of Communication 336 The Communication Process 338 Direction of Communication 338 Downward CommunicationRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesresources can be found on the instructor and student companion sites at www.wiley.com/college/decenzo. Instructor’s Resource Guide This includes, for each chapter, a chapter overview, a description of additional features within the chapter, a chapter outline, additional lecture and activity suggestions, answers to class exercises, answers to case applications, and additional review and discussion questions. PowerPoint A robust set of PowerPoint slides developed to help enhance your lectures are provided

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Rise Of Violent Crime In Canada Essay - 2972 Words

The Rise of Violent Crime In Canada Violent crime in Canada is on the rise in Canada as well as the types of violent crimes being committed against the public. It has been on the rise for many, many years. I believe and intend to prove in the following essay that it is societies responsibility for the rise of violent crime with their unwillingness and inability to effectively deal with the current trend in our society. In the last few years, a slight dip in violent crime has been noted, but we must view this with skepticism as no official statistics are available. As well as this could be an example of society realizing that the Criminal Justice System is not effectively dealing with the trend of violence in Canada. This†¦show more content†¦Any form of an assault on the person, ranging from sexual assault to Aggravated assault. Robbery, Homicide, Attempted Homicide, and Manslaughter are all considered violent crimes. These crimes are committed for a variety of reasons that range from unbelievable to incredible. Some are done for fun, having no real reason at all. Anger is a major reason for assaults being committed as well as Homicides. Robbery of a store or mugging of an individual is another reason. As well as pure pre-meditated violence, whether it is a beating or a murder, people use violence to enforce other things that are considered to be valued reasons for violence. In fact many sub-cultures of Canadian culture, such as gangs have developed differing views on crime and see the act of assaulting another individual as a way of settling a dispute and/or argument. A more technical definition would be as follows; quot; a crime involves the violation of a norm. Norms are social rules ranging from the important and the binding to the less important and optional. From which society makes attempts and rules to regulate behaviour in society quot; The Importance of the laws are measured by the level of punishments imposed upon the offender and the sanctions in place against the law. An example of this is lying and skipping class are considered to be minor infractions, where as murder is considered to be one of the most atrocious acts that could be committed by a person. SinceShow MoreRelatedMyths In The Criminal Justice System Have Plagued The Public1212 Words   |  5 Pagescomparing New York State data to data from Canada, the effectiveness of this myth can be debunked and disproven. In order to discuss the myths surrounding violent crime in New York State, understanding the current data and trends is essential. To establish the general consensus of what people think about violent crime in New York State, I conducted a small poll of people in my area. In essence, the aim was to see whether or not people felt violent crime rates had risen or fallen in New York StateRead MoreOrganized Crime Related Deaths / Murders898 Words   |  4 Pagesexplaining that while organized crime has been problematic for some time, the number of organized crime related deaths/murders has been on a steady rise. As the presenter further illustrates, in 2001, it was around 1,000. By 2008, the number had its first big jump, however, in 2010, the number had skyrocketed to over 34,000! However, the death, or capture of cartel leaders is not the solution and has led to two large cycles of violence. Most of the crime can be broken down into sevenRead MoreThe Crime Control Polic y Of Canada Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Violent crime will always be a problem; just because Canada doesn’t face high rates of violent crime in comparison to other countries doesn’t deem it an unimportant issue. My knowledge about this topic, violent crime, has come from a variety of resources that will be discussed as this paper progresses. The crime control policies in Alberta and/or Canada to my knowledge are having a positive impact, but more could always be done. Overall, I believe an enhanced proactive approachRead MoreViolence in Youth1171 Words   |  5 PagesYouth violence is defined as violent behaviour that begins early in life and continues throughout subsequent stages of life. Youth violence may include physical and emotional harm, and minor crimes, escalating to murder (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Youth are recognized as being between the ages of twelve and twenty-four however, teens are the most affected by violence than any other group of youths as they are habitually p erceived as the most violent age group (Goodwin, 1998,Read MoreYouth and Crime - Who Is Responsible Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pages When todays youth commit crimes it is often the taxpayers that have to pay for it. In many cases, when the crimes include damage to property, theft of personal belongings or merchandise the public are required to pay for the damages through taxes and raised prices in stores. When it comes to theft, the public would be required to pay more money in the long run for a product that is often stolen due to the rate of loss on it. When it comes to property damage we, the owners, are responsibleRead MoreCanada’S Crime Rate Has Never Increased In The Past 121277 Words   |  6 Pages Canada’s crime rate has never increased in the past 12 years from 2016 until now . The main culprits of this rise is Western Canada, specifically Alberta. An assessment must take place on what Ontario is doing right and what Alberta is doing wrong. The collection of these findings were collected by Statistics Canada, a Canadian government agency who obtains statistics of Canada. The collection of these statistics took place in 2015, the last time they obtained Canada’s crime rate. It is beingRead MoreThe Prohibition Of Alcohol During The 1920s1318 Words   |  6 Pagesfailure, giving rise to organized crime and a lasting mindset of subversiveness in the public without even achieving its intended purpose. Although the â€Å"Noble Experiment† (Hoover, Herbert, 1928) was effected in Canada by popular vote in the early 1910s, the rapidly-ensuing plebiscites repealing the law serve as the first empirical proof that the experiment was unsuccessful. This essay will discuss that testament to prohibition’s failure, along with the explosion in violent organized crime that occurredRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Control On America Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pageswould not be graced with the many freedoms we have today. Currently, owning and obtaining a firearm is a controversial topic that sparks heavy emotions. Many people argue for eliminating all guns, and applying heavier regulations to prevent tragic violent crimes involving firearms. Although gun violence is inevitable, we can easily reduce the number of fatalities and injuries caused by firearms. This can be done by adding and introducing stricter regulations on the buying and selling of guns, backgroundRead MoreHate Crimes1203 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the 2011 Census, there are 1,054,945 Muslims and 468,670 Sikhs that live in Canada. The number of Muslims and Sikhs that live in Canada are rising every year and as the number rises so does the number of hate crimes, especially a gainst people that represent their faith through articles of clothing. The views on these articles of clothing are split between every individual, everyone has different opinions about them. There is a lack of knowledge from the general population about why peopleRead MoreHow Effective Is The Youth Justice System Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction How effective is the Youth Justice System in responding to youth crime? Since the arrival of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) came into effect, the crime rates have decreased. Previously Canada had one of the highest youth incarceration rates in the western world. However since the Youth Criminal Justice Act got put into place in 2003, the crime rates have declined significantly. The Youth Justice System does their best to better and rehabilitate the adolescents that get into

Things Fall Apart and Universal Appeal - 951 Words

Things Fall Apart-Universal Appeal Confronted with a global conscious filled with hazy, negative conception of the African reality, appalled with such one sided works as Heart of Darkness and Mr. Johnson, Chinua Achebe determined in 1958 to inform the outside world about Ibo cultural traditions1. One can appreciate then, Achebe s inclusion of universal themes and concepts in is novel as a means of bridging the cultural gap with his audience and reiterating that Africans are in the end, human, just as members of any other race.Woven throughout the text of Things Fall Apart are universal themes in the form of images, concepts, and situations. â€Å"Does the white man understand our custom about land? How can he when he does not even†¦show more content†¦Some may hold that the novel is not a universal one, sighting inexplicable, foreign practices Achebe includes in the book without completely explaining them, (e.g Unoka s approach to his debtor, the unspoken laws of apology/ the kola nut), if he meant to give the novel a universal appeal, why did he include strange practices particular to Igbo culture? One must not forget that one intent of Achebe was to present Igbo culture through more objective eyes, and also through native eyes as had yet to be succesfully done. By leaving the reader to draw logical conclusions of their own with these matters, he also succeds in challenging his reader to examine such idiosyncrasies of his own culture, as is demonstrated in the discussion between the chief and original missionary Mr. Brown in which Achebe juxtaposes wooden idols and masked gods with the holy trinity. The success of Things Fall Apart can be attributed to the strategies Achebe employs in his story telling. Achebe succeds in maintaing the his goal- accurate representation of Ibo life, while presenting the information in a manner relatable to those not native to the culture. He also manages, in the process, to highlight some of the reasons behind the collapse of African cultures and helps us find those those things lost inShow MoreRelatedChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1308 Words   |  6 PagesIn Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the reader is taken on a literary journey to a Nigerian tribe, the Umuofia, to experience first-hand the struggles of a warrior named Okonkwo. At first glance, the novel appears to be written for a very specific audience: scholars familiar with Nigerian history, traditions, and culture. 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Benefits of Taxonomy to the Organization-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Describe how a taxonomy can add value to your Organisation. Answer: Introduction Taxonomies has been immensely helpful for any organization and after the arrival of internet organizations are more interested with taxonomies for their structuring as well as retrieval of their information, which are much easier to manage. Taxonomies are an effective approach for helping organizations in meeting the need for meta-knowledge. However, Taxonomies are considered the base of the classification schemes as well as indexing system in the information management just like the Dewey Decimal System. Yahoo is among the first big E-Business company to have successfully utilized taxonomies (Barbuto, 2016). Therefore, taxonomy in the organization helps to find a suitable breakdown. In this report how a taxonomy can add value to the organizations are described along with stating the methodology for developing a taxonomy their potential applications and the ways to get leverage out of that taxonomy. Top-down Vs Bottom-up deployment In building taxonomies, the two wider approaches are top down and bottom up. Top down approach helps the organization evolve wider groups for instance departments, locations or products and then inhabit the taxonomies with terms. Any company will try this approach first where a small group of people will be given a task with explaining a structure for the taxonomy and then certain terms will be added to each area. This can work successfully for the taxonomies, which are simple, or for smaller sets of documents, however, there is a huge amount of assumption in knowing what terms needed to be created (Garcia et al., 2013). On the other hand, the bottom-up approach begins by examining the content as a whole following which the terms of the taxonomies will be added, formerly deciding on the hierarchy. Explaining taxonomy by inspecting the terms inside the documents is by far very successful technique but executing this manually is very time consuming. However, tools can guide in counting the frequency of the words as well as phrases though they will still need to be categorized and placed manually into the taxonomies. Therefore, it can be said that top down approach is mainly focused on the buttons, tabs and labels whereas, bottom up is focused about the content as well as process analysis (Shameli-Sendi, Aghababaei-Barzegar Cheriet, 2016). Descriptive Vs Navigational taxonomy Descriptive taxonomy is another type that is found in the organizational environment, which supports information reclamation through searching. However, by expanding as well as maintaining a fundamental set of controlled vocabularies, an organization can constantly label or tag their content along with descriptive metadata determined among these authorized vocabularies. Moreover, vocabularies can also capture the knowledge worker phraseology and map it to an organizations favored terms. If an organization is creating a descriptive taxonomy then they have to include reviewing entries opposition to an established set of phrase and search for similarities, affinities, differences as well as dependencies (Clerck et al., 2013). Another type of taxonomy is the Navigational type, which is mainly focused at detecting information mainly through browsing. However, once more here the taxonomy supplies with a controlled vocabulary rather utilizing it in the framework for manipulating doubts. Moreover, it can be help to knowledge employees so that they find the information they need. Navigational Taxonomy comprise of labels exerted to categories of the content based on the knowledge employees mental model of how the information is systematized. In taxonomy is totally based on the behavior of the users not on the content. Thus, as an outcome the labels of categories may be differently organized from that of the concept based descriptive taxonomy as navigational taxonomy can also contain words and phrases, which would not meet the standards of the descriptive taxonomy (Bacha, 2012). Methodology adopted to develop the taxonomy Organizing information- Corporate Taxonomy will be the main storage design for the organizations content, which will in a similar way support the interoperability of systems. Therefore, while developing taxonomy it would be beneficial if the structured and unstructured informational sources can be related to common topics (Taylor Joudrey, 2017). Increasing usability- If the corporate data is organized in a single manner then the total utility of knowledge system will grow markedly. Thus, no longer the employees need to retain the methodology behind a particular system just to find a different one for another tool. However, it will help the organization to understand the information that it holds along with what is missing. Supporting the growth of the business-, the cost of implementing taxonomy lessons the cost than that of a failure of a project. Therefore, there are substantial potential benefit and instant returns. Moreover, understanding the content as well as having a thorough understanding of the audience, publishers, content, limitation and platform is very important. Potential applications The potential applications of taxonomy are that it permits as well as support both the internal process as well as external features. Internal processes mainly includes content management where as external involves navigation, personalization and search. In the content management, the taxonomy can cite both the hierarchical structure into which the content has been scribed. Taxonomy is also use in search where consistently, appropriately metatagged content support consumers to rapidly find the information they pursue with targeted, precise and detailed search outcomes, despite of the location or language. Internal searches are also efficient as the content managers or the owners of the business are suited to query the content management system to identify the documents as well as files. Taxonomy can be further used in customization by cross matching the content user types with that of the contain comprising similar matatags. It is further used in navigation because it is easy for con tent management system as well as tagged content to straightaway generate navigational structures (Emmanouilidis, Koutsiamanis Tasidou, 2013). More leverage out of the taxonomy Website organization and search- Organizing the websites are generally done by information architecture web page. However, in maximum cases the templates of the web pages are linked to a content type. At time, the organizations may want to establish other web pages that bonds with special taxonomy elements. It can also support creating widgets along with website search, which also depends on taxonomy. Customer support- A well-organized taxonomy can also help the customers to rapidly get hold of the information they required to solve their problems. When an organization is aware of their customers then they can easily take advantage of taxonomy to enhance their experience by spontaneously surfacing content associated to the consumers particular situation (Park, Geum Lee, 2012). Content-as-a-service- This is the ability to generate content and deliver it to various websites, apps, business applications along with other channels as well. However, without a well-organized taxonomy, content re-use or content-as-a-service cannot take place. Taxonomy can further help obtaining the appropriate content into the publishing channel straightaway. Ecommerce- for the Ecommerce organizations taxonomy helps greatly the consumers to quickly approach the products or services of their choice. For the beginners the related products can be visible in a widget on the product page itself and surface related products in a search. However, taxonomy can also provide associated content like blogs, product related information in the product page so that it can motivate engagement as well as enhance conversions (Wang, 2013). Conclusion Thus, from the above report it can be concluded that Taxonomies are excessively helpful when it comes to organizations, as it is an effective approach meeting the need for meta-knowledge. However, it can have many potential applications like in content management system, search, utilizing the metadata for personalization as well as customization and lastly used in navigation. Moreover, the leverage out of taxonomy has been highlighted to be Website organization and search, Ecommerce, Content-as-a-service and Customer support. References Bacha, J. A. (2012). Taxonomies, folksonomies, and semantics: Establishing functional meaning in navigational structures.Journal of Technical Writing and Communication,42(3), 249-263. Barbuto Jr, J. E. (2016). How is strategy formed in organizations? A multi-disciplinary taxonomy of strategy-making approaches.Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management,3(1). Clerck, O., Guiry, M. D., Leliaert, F., Samyn, Y., Verbruggen, H. (2013). Algal taxonomy: a road to nowhere?.Journal of Phycology,49(2), 215-225. Emmanouilidis, C., Koutsiamanis, R. A., Tasidou, A. (2013). Mobile guides: Taxonomy of architectures, context awareness, technologies and applications.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,36(1), 103-125. Garcia, S., Luengo, J., Sez, J. A., Lopez, V., Herrera, F. (2013). A survey of discretization techniques: Taxonomy and empirical analysis in supervised learning.IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering,25(4), 734-750. Park, Y., Geum, Y., Lee, H. (2012). Toward integration of products and services: Taxonomy and typology.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,29(4), 528-545. Shameli-Sendi, A., Aghababaei-Barzegar, R., Cheriet, M. (2016). Taxonomy of information security risk assessment (ISRA).Computers Security,57, 14-30. Taylor, A. G., Joudrey, D. N. (2017).The organization of information. ABC-CLIO. Wang, D. (2013). Influences of cloud computing on e-commerce businesses and industry.Journal of Software Engineering and Applications,6(06), 313.

Human Resource Management Organizations Operating in Various Industri

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management for Organizations Operating in Various Industries. Answer: Introduction: The organizations operating in various industries are focusing a lot on increasing the productivity of the employees along with their employment satisfaction. So a number of organizations are providing a number of flexibilities to their employees in terms of work timing and workplace. The employees of a number of organizations are being provided with flexible working hours and options to work from home. There are a number of speculations being done around this topic of work flexibility and its effects on the productivity of the employees in an organization. The trend across the globe has definitely shifted to employment flexibility over money for the satisfaction from any employment. So work flexibility definitely leads to increase in the overall retention rates of the employees in the organization (Cooper, 2015). The flexibility of working from home along with the flexible working hours can also increase the productivity of the employees, when there are a number of policies and guid elines are set in place in order to utilize these facilities in an efficient way. The line managers in the organization should ensure the compliance to the policy of defining clear and concise goals for the employees by adhering to the S.M.A.R.T criteria. The line managers should also ensure that the performance of the employees are monitored based on these goals and the rewards or recognitions are provided to the employees according to their performance against these goals. This in turn allows the employees to increase their productivity even when working from home or working in a flexible work timing (Skinner, 2014). References Cooper, R. and Baird, M., 2015. Bringing the right to request flexible working arrangements to life: from policies to practices. Employee Relations, 37(5), pp.568-581. Skinner, N.J. and Pocock, B., 2014. The persistent challenge: Living, working and caring in Australia in 2014 (Doctoral dissertation, Centre for Work and Life, University of South Australia).

Wednesday, April 22, 2020

Socrates Was An Ancient Greek Philosopher Who Was Accused Of Impiety A

Socrates was an ancient Greek philosopher who was accused of impiety and corrupting the youth of Athens. His sentence was death, byway of drinking poison. However, prior to his execution day, a friend, Crito, offered Socrates an opportunity to flee Athens, and evade his death sentence. Socrates refused to run away, and he justified his reasons to Crito. I agree with Socrates' justifications for not escaping, he accepted his death justly and faced the sentence the Athenian court declared. Throughout the Crito, Socrates explains his reasoning for not evading the government. Socrates introduces several pivotal ideas in the dialogue, which led me to agree with his decision. The first idea requires a person to contemplate whether or not the society in which he lives has a just reasoning behind its' own standards of right and wrong. The second idea requires a person to have pride in the life that he leads. In establishing basic questions of these two concepts, Socrates has precluded his own circumstance and continues to prove that the choice he has made is just. ...I am the kind of man who listens only to the argument that on reflection seems best to me. I cannot, not that this fate has come upon me, discard the arguments used; they seem to me much the same. Socrates states that making a conscious choice to remain under the influence of a society is an unconscious agreement with that society to live your life by its' standards and virtues. It is by this notion that people live by today as well. For example, a person chooses to live in a country with a certain type of government. By making the choice to live in this country, the person silently agrees to abide by the laws of that country, or else suffer the consequences. It is to this principle that Socrates adheres to. After establishing the previous point, Socrates reinforces his decision by the fact that the laws and governing agents of the society must command a certain degree of respect. Any person who would disobey these laws creates a deliberate attempt to destroy them and implicitly the society that has imposed them. If the decisions of the city's governing agents are not thoroughly respected as just and cohesive parts of society, the very structure by which the society stands is subject to collapse. If a person is found to be in violation of what his society stands for and does not accept the consequences of his actions, then there cannot be a system of law in place to create order. You must either persuade it or obey its orders, and endure in silence whatever it instructs you to endure, whether blows or bond, and if it leads you into to war or be wounded or killed you must obey. The society in which a person lives, creates a mutual relationship in which every person in that society is inde bted to if he willingly accepts that society for his own. Socrates concludes that if he were to follow Crito's advice he would be committing several wrong actions against a society which he calls his own. In the time of the ancient Greeks, to disobey your won society, is the to betray what was taught to be right by parents. They pass on to their children what they hold to be true; for they brought a person into a society that they believed to be profound and just. In modern society we have similar beliefs. Parents raise and teach their children beliefs and morals that they also hold to be correct. Socrates states that by remaining a member of a society, one must in fact accept the society as their own. The agreement he made within his city to obey the laws, and to live as a good citizen makes the thought of exile shameful and therefore unacceptable. Running away from the decision that his own society has made would be an affirmation of his own guilt in the eyes of his family and peers. Although he may have been wrongly imprisoned and sentenced to death, he holds very little value in the belief that two wrongs can achieve a right. In this case the wrongs being

Friday, April 17, 2020

How Important Is Childhood Obesity Argumentative Essay Topics?

How Important Is Childhood Obesity Argumentative Essay Topics?The childhood obesity argumentative essay topic is often overlooked as an important component of your entire composition. In this piece I will look at the value of this question in giving you an insight into the type of writing skills that you need to develop as a young adult and also help you to craft a topic that is really compelling and something that your audience will be interested in hearing you talk about.The reason why childhood obesity argumentative essay topics are so important is that there are so many different variations on this theme and so many different types of writers that have a great deal of experience with this topic. Because of this, you will be able to work with a number of different writers that all have a variety of different levels of experience.All of these people have either worked or studied as essayists that focus on the issues surrounding childhood obesity, and that means that you will have t he opportunity to talk to people that are highly experienced and knowledgeable when it comes to this topic. As a result, you will be in a position to give people a very engaging and interesting story and subject and also to get them involved with your argumentative essay topic.That means that you will be able to take a slightly different approach to the essay than the writer's perspective. That is because there are some people who have been very well versed in writing on childhood obesity and have some familiarity with other approaches to this topic, whereas others do not know the first thing about writing on this topic and therefore the same problems apply.Another way that people may struggle with this topic is that they do not realise that the topic is actually much more complex than the reason that it is presented as an argumentative essay topic. It is the fact that you will be given a choice of people that are very knowledgeable about the topic and are therefore going to be able to challenge your arguments and provide you with a greater sense of depth to your essay.The only problem with this is that you may find that some of the best childhood obesity argumentative essay topics can often be very difficult to write. Not only will you need to write something that is highly engaging, but you will also need to do it in a way that is clear and concise so that you can keep all of the points that you make coherent and balanced.However, if you take the time to learn the basic skills that you need to know when it comes to this topic then you will find that the childhood obesity argumentative essay topics that you write will be more consistent and less likely to have any of these problems. Indeed, I would encourage you to go through the literature and find out the specific skills that you need to build up so that you can then go and train yourself in the skills that you need to learn.There are certainly a lot of benefits to writing essays that include childhood obes ity argumentative essay topics. However, before you start to try and plan and write these types of essays you should certainly spend some time learning the skills and find out what the best approaches are to build up those skills so that you can make a good impression on potential employers and graduate students alike.

Tuesday, March 17, 2020

Luminescence Dating in Archaeology

Luminescence Dating in Archaeology Luminescence dating (including thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence) is a type of dating methodology that measures the amount of light emitted from energy stored in certain rock types and derived soils to obtain an absolute date for a specific event that occurred in the past. The method is a direct dating technique, meaning that the amount of energy emitted is a direct result of the event being measured. Better still, unlike radiocarbon dating, the effect luminescence dating measures increases with time. As a result, there is no upper date limit set by the sensitivity of the method itself, although other factors may limit the methods feasibility. How Luminescence Dating Works Two forms of luminescence dating are used by archaeologists to date events in the past: thermoluminescence (TL) or thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL), which measures energy emitted after an object has been exposed to temperatures between 400 and 500 °C; and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), which measures energy emitted after an object has been exposed to daylight. To put it simply, certain minerals (quartz, feldspar, and calcite), store energy from the sun at a known rate. This energy is lodged in the imperfect lattices of the minerals crystals. Heating these crystals (such as when a pottery vessel is fired or when rocks are heated) empties the stored energy, after which time the mineral begins absorbing energy again. TL dating is a matter of comparing the energy stored in a crystal to what ought to be there, thereby coming up with a date-of-last-heated. In the same way, more or less, OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) dating measures the last time an object was exposed to sunlight. Luminescence dating is good for between a few hundred to (at least) several hundred thousand years, making it much more useful than carbon dating. The Meaning of Luminescence The term luminescence refers to the energy emitted as light from minerals such as quartz and feldspar after theyve been exposed to an ionizing radiation of some sort. Minerals- and, in fact, everything on our planet- are exposed to cosmic radiation: luminescence dating takes advantage of the fact that certain minerals both collect and release energy from that radiation under specific conditions. Two forms of luminescence dating are used by archaeologists to date events in the past: thermoluminescence (TL) or thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL), which measures energy emitted after an object has been exposed to temperatures between 400 and 500 °C; and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), which measures energy emitted after an object has been exposed to daylight. Crystalline rock types and soils collect energy from the radioactive decay of cosmic uranium, thorium, and potassium-40. Electrons from these substances get trapped in the minerals crystalline structure, and continuing exposure of the rocks to these elements over time leads to predictable increases in the number of electrons caught in the matrices. But when the rock is exposed to high enough levels of heat or light, that exposure causes vibrations in the mineral lattices and the trapped electrons are freed. The exposure to radioactive elements continues, and the minerals begin again storing free electrons in their structures. If you can measure the rate of acquisition of the stored energy, you can figure out how long it has been since the exposure happened. Materials of geological origin will have absorbed considerable quantities of radiation since their formation, so any human-caused exposure to heat or light will reset the luminescence clock considerably more recently than that  since only the energy stored since the event will be recorded. Measuring Stored Energy The way you measure energy stored in an object that you expect has been exposed to heat or light in the past  is to stimulate that object again  and measure the amount of energy released. The energy released by stimulating the crystals is expressed in light (luminescence). The intensity of blue, green or infrared light that is created when an object is stimulated is proportional to the number of electrons stored in the minerals structure and, in turn, those light units are converted to dose units. The equations used by scholars to determine the date when the last exposure happened are typically: Age total luminescence/annual rate of luminescence acquisition, orAge paleodose (De)/annual dose(DT) Where De  is the laboratory beta dose that induces the same luminescence intensity in the sample emitted by the natural sample, and DT  is the annual dose rate comprised of several components of radiation that arise in the decay of natural radioactive elements. Datable Events and Objects Artifacts which can be dated using these methods include  ceramics, burned  lithics, burned bricks and soil from  hearths  (TL), and unburned stone surfaces that were exposed to light and then buried (OSL). Pottery: The most recent heating measured in pottery sherds is assumed to represent the manufacturing event; the signal arises from quartz or feldspar in the clay or other tempering additives. Although pottery vessels can be exposed to heat during cooking, cooking is never at sufficient levels to reset the luminescence clock. TL dating was used to determine the age of  Indus Valley  civilization occupations, which had proved resistant to radiocarbon dating, because of the local climate. Luminescence can also be used to determine the original firing temperature.Lithics: Raw material such as flints and cherts have been dated by TL; fire-cracked rock from hearths can also be dated by TL as long as they were fired to sufficiently high temperatures. The resetting mechanism is primarily heated  and works on the assumption that the raw stone material was heat-treated during stone tool manufacture. However, heat treatment normally involves temperatures between 300 and 400 °C, not alw ays sufficiently high enough. The best success from TL dates on chipped stone artifacts likely are from events when they were deposited into a hearth and accidentally fired. Surfaces of buildings and walls: The buried elements of standing walls of archaeological ruins have been dated using optically stimulated luminescence; the derived date provides the age of burial of the surface. In other words, the OSL date on a foundation wall of a building is the last time that foundation was exposed to light before being used as the initial layers in a building, and hence when the building was first built.Others: Some success has been found dating objects such as bone tools, bricks, mortar, mounds, and agricultural terraces. Ancient slag  left from early  metal production  have also been dated using TL, as well as absolute dating of kiln fragments or vitrified linings of furnaces and crucibles. Geologists have used OSL and TL to establish long, log chronologies of landscapes; luminescence dating is a powerful tool to help date sentiments dated to the  Quaternary  and much earlier periods. History of the Science Thermoluminescence was first clearly described in a paper presented to the Royal Society (of Britain) in 1663, by  Robert Boyle, who described the effect in a diamond which had been warmed to body temperature. The possibility of making use of TL stored in a mineral or pottery sample was first proposed by chemist  Farrington Daniels  in the 1950s. During the 1960s and 70s, the  Oxford University Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art  led in the development of TL as a method of dating archaeological materials. Sources Forman SL. 1989.  Applications and limitations of thermoluminescence to date quaternary sediments.  Quaternary International  1:47-59. Forman SL, Jackson ME, McCalpin J, and Maat P. 1988.  The potential of using thermoluminescence to date buried soils developed on colluvial and fluvial sediments from Utah and Colorado, U.S.A.: Preliminary results.  Quaternary Science Reviews  7(3-4):287-293. Fraser JA, and Price DM. 2013.  A thermoluminescence (TL) analysis of ceramics from Applied Clay Science  82:24-30.cairns in Jordan: Using TL to integrate off-site features into regional chronologies.   Liritzis I, Singhvi AK, Feathers JK, Wagner GA, Kadereit A, Zacharais N, and Li S-H. 2013.  .Luminescence Dating in Archaeology, Anthropology, and Geoarchaeology: An Overview  Cham: Springer. Seeley M-A. 1975.  Thermoluminescent dating in its application to archaeology: A review.  Journal of Archaeological Science  2(1):17-43. Singhvi AK, and Mejdahl V. 1985.  Thermoluminescence dating of sediments.  Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements  10(1-2):137-161. Wintle AG. 1990.  A review of current research on TL dating of loess.  Quaternary Science Reviews  9(4):385-397. Wintle AG, and Huntley DJ. 1982.  Thermoluminescence dating of sediments.  Quaternary Science Reviews  1(1):31-53.